青南高原多房棘球絳蟲中間宿主分布與環(huán)境因素關(guān)系的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-23 07:40
【摘要】： 泡型包蟲病(Alveolar echinococcosis,AE)是一種由多房棘球絳蟲的幼蟲寄生于動物或人體內(nèi)而致的重要人獸共患寄生蟲病。廣泛流行于我國的西部地區(qū),嚴重影響著我國西部地區(qū)的人群健康和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。多房棘球絳蟲的地理分布取決于其自然終宿主和中間宿主的存在,嚙齒目和兔形目動物是多房棘球絳蟲的重要中間宿主。本研究通過對青南高原的稱多縣進行現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)高原鼠兔和青海田鼠為主要的中間宿主,在青南高原的草場上廣泛存在,兩種動物的總洞穴密度為88.2個/100m~2,其中高原鼠兔洞穴密度為40.4個/100 m~2,青海田鼠洞穴密度為47.8個/100 m~2。病理學檢查發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種動物泡球蚴和石渠棘球蚴的總感染率為2.46%,其中高原鼠兔感染率為4.36%,青海田鼠感染率為1%,高原鼠兔的感染率高于青海田鼠(X~2=9.41,P＜0.05)。同時當?shù)鼐用襁M行了B超檢查,泡型包蟲病的患病率為8.70%(4/46)。結(jié)果表明:青南高原是泡型包蟲病的流行區(qū),兩種中間宿主動物高原鼠兔和青海田鼠是主要的中間宿主,分布廣泛,其密度有增加的趨勢,有導致當?shù)嘏菪桶x病的傳播壓力和流行上升的風險。 通過單因素分析發(fā)現(xiàn),高原鼠兔和青海田鼠的分布與土壤類型和植被類型有關(guān)。高原鼠兔主要分布在高山草甸土和高山草原土兩種土壤類型中,密度顯著高于高山灌叢草甸土和草甸沼澤土中的密度(P＜0.05)。青海田鼠主要分布在草甸沼澤土中,密度顯著高于高山草原土土壤類型中的密度(P＜0.05);高原鼠兔主要分布在高山草甸中,密度顯著高于高寒灌叢(P＜0.05),沼澤化草甸中的密度居中,高寒灌叢中的密度最低;而青海田鼠主要在沼澤化草甸中,密度顯著高于高山草甸和高寒灌叢中的密度(P＜0.05)。兩種中間宿主動物的分布具有聚集性和空間自相關(guān)性,并驗證了其分布類型為負二項分布。 運用現(xiàn)場調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和RS/GIS提取數(shù)據(jù),探討了多房棘球絳蟲中間宿主分布與環(huán)境因素之間的關(guān)系,建立了多房棘球絳蟲中間宿主的負二項分布回歸模型,分別找出了高原鼠兔和青海田鼠分布的主要環(huán)境影響因子。鼠兔的分布主要與土壤類型、是否為圍欄牧場、草高度即植被長勢有關(guān)系。青海田鼠的分布主要與地形特征、土壤類型、植被類型、冬夏牧場類型以及植被覆蓋度有關(guān)系。兩種中間宿主分布的共同環(huán)境影響因子為地形分類、土壤類型、植被類型、冬夏牧場類型、植被覆蓋度以及調(diào)查時間段的NDVI。并且對不同環(huán)境影響因素的相關(guān)方向以及貢獻大小作了量化分析。 運用逐步判別的方法建立了判別模型并且進行了判別效果評價。對訓練樣本進行了回代分析,并且對隨機抽取待測樣本進行了外推判別符合率檢驗。高原鼠兔的判別模型回代判別符合率為84.8%;外推判別符合率為85%;青海田鼠的判別模型回代判別符合率為71.4%;外推判別符合率為75%;對二者建立的綜合判別模型回代判別符合率為89.3%;外推判別符合率為90%,總體上判別效果較好。本研究建立的多房棘球絳蟲中間宿主的負二項分布模型和判別模型,有利于根據(jù)地理環(huán)境大致判斷多房棘球絳蟲中間宿主的分布狀況,利于鼠防部門有針對性地開展中間宿主防治工作,為制定適宜的泡型包蟲病防治策略提供參考依據(jù),為控制泡型包蟲病提供了新的思路和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important human animal, which is caused by the parasitism of the larvae of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide in animals or human beings. It is popular in the western region of our country, which seriously affects the population health and economic development in the western region of our country. The geographical distribution depends on the existence of the natural final host and the intermediate host, and the rodent and rabbit eyes are the most important intermediate hosts of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide. In this study, we conducted the on-the-spot investigation on the county of Qingnan Plateau. It was found that the high altitude mouse and the voles of Qinghai were the main intermediate hosts, and the total cave density of the two animals was 88. 2/ 100m2. Among them, the cave density of the plateau mouse was 40. 4/ 100m ~ 2. The cave density of voles in Qinghai was 47. 8/ 100m ~ 2. The results showed that the total infection rate was 2.46%, the infection rate was 4.36%, the infection rate of voles was 1%, and the infection rate was higher than that of voles in Qinghai (X ~ 2 = 9.41, P <0.05). At the same time, B-ultrasound examination was carried out by local residents, and the prevalence rate of blister-type echinococcosis was 8. 70% (4/ 46). The results showed that the Qingnan Plateau was the epidemic area of blister-type echinococcosis, and the two intermediate host animals, the plateau mouse and the Qinghai voles were the main intermediate hosts, the distribution was extensive, its density had increased tendency, and there was the risk of the spread pressure and the rise of the local vesicle-type echinococcosis. Through single factor analysis, the distribution and soil type and vegetation of voles in plateau and Qinghai were found. The high altitude mouse rabbits were mainly distributed in the soil types of alpine meadow soil and alpine meadow soil, and the density was significantly higher than that in alpine shrub meadow soil and meadow bog soil (P <0 05). The density of Volvoles in Qinghai was higher than that in alpine meadow soil (P <0.05), and the density was significantly higher in alpine meadow than in alpine shrub (P <0.05). The density was the lowest in alpine shrubs, while the density of Voles in Qinghai was significantly higher than that in alpine meadow and alpine shrub (P <0.01).. 05) The distribution of the two intermediate host animals has aggregation and spatial autocorrelation, and verifies that its distribution type is negative By using the field survey data and RS/ GIS to extract data, the relationship between the distribution of the host and the environmental factors in the multi-compartment intertidal zone was studied. The negative binomial distribution regression model was used to find out the distribution of voles in plateau mice and Qinghai respectively. Main environmental impact factor. The distribution of rat rabbit is mainly related to soil type, whether it is fence pasture and grass height. The distribution of voles in Qinghai is mainly related to topographic features, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture types. and the vegetation coverage is related. The common environmental impact factors of the two intermediate host distributions are terrain classification, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture type, vegetation coverage and modulation degree. NDVI of time period and related directions of different environmental impact factors as well as tribute The quantitative analysis of the size of the offer was made. The method of stepwise discrimination was used to establish the judgment. The model is not modeled and the evaluation of the effect is carried out. The training samples are analyzed, and the random sampling is to be measured. The coincidence rate of extrapolation is 80.8%, the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 85%, the coincidence rate is 71.4%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 75%. The coincidence rate of the type of return generations is 89.3%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is consistent. In this study, the negative binomial distribution model and the discrimination model of the middle host of multi-atrial natriuretic peptide were established. To carry out the intermediate host control work in a targeted manner, provide reference basis for the development of appropriate control strategy of blister-type echinococcosis, and provide control bubble.
【學位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R181.3
本文編號：2288541
[Abstract]:Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important human animal, which is caused by the parasitism of the larvae of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide in animals or human beings. It is popular in the western region of our country, which seriously affects the population health and economic development in the western region of our country. The geographical distribution depends on the existence of the natural final host and the intermediate host, and the rodent and rabbit eyes are the most important intermediate hosts of the multi-atrial natriuretic peptide. In this study, we conducted the on-the-spot investigation on the county of Qingnan Plateau. It was found that the high altitude mouse and the voles of Qinghai were the main intermediate hosts, and the total cave density of the two animals was 88. 2/ 100m2. Among them, the cave density of the plateau mouse was 40. 4/ 100m ~ 2. The cave density of voles in Qinghai was 47. 8/ 100m ~ 2. The results showed that the total infection rate was 2.46%, the infection rate was 4.36%, the infection rate of voles was 1%, and the infection rate was higher than that of voles in Qinghai (X ~ 2 = 9.41, P <0.05). At the same time, B-ultrasound examination was carried out by local residents, and the prevalence rate of blister-type echinococcosis was 8. 70% (4/ 46). The results showed that the Qingnan Plateau was the epidemic area of blister-type echinococcosis, and the two intermediate host animals, the plateau mouse and the Qinghai voles were the main intermediate hosts, the distribution was extensive, its density had increased tendency, and there was the risk of the spread pressure and the rise of the local vesicle-type echinococcosis. Through single factor analysis, the distribution and soil type and vegetation of voles in plateau and Qinghai were found. The high altitude mouse rabbits were mainly distributed in the soil types of alpine meadow soil and alpine meadow soil, and the density was significantly higher than that in alpine shrub meadow soil and meadow bog soil (P <0 05). The density of Volvoles in Qinghai was higher than that in alpine meadow soil (P <0.05), and the density was significantly higher in alpine meadow than in alpine shrub (P <0.05). The density was the lowest in alpine shrubs, while the density of Voles in Qinghai was significantly higher than that in alpine meadow and alpine shrub (P <0.01).. 05) The distribution of the two intermediate host animals has aggregation and spatial autocorrelation, and verifies that its distribution type is negative By using the field survey data and RS/ GIS to extract data, the relationship between the distribution of the host and the environmental factors in the multi-compartment intertidal zone was studied. The negative binomial distribution regression model was used to find out the distribution of voles in plateau mice and Qinghai respectively. Main environmental impact factor. The distribution of rat rabbit is mainly related to soil type, whether it is fence pasture and grass height. The distribution of voles in Qinghai is mainly related to topographic features, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture types. and the vegetation coverage is related. The common environmental impact factors of the two intermediate host distributions are terrain classification, soil type, vegetation type, winter and summer pasture type, vegetation coverage and modulation degree. NDVI of time period and related directions of different environmental impact factors as well as tribute The quantitative analysis of the size of the offer was made. The method of stepwise discrimination was used to establish the judgment. The model is not modeled and the evaluation of the effect is carried out. The training samples are analyzed, and the random sampling is to be measured. The coincidence rate of extrapolation is 80.8%, the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 85%, the coincidence rate is 71.4%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is 75%. The coincidence rate of the type of return generations is 89.3%, and the coincidence rate of extrapolation is consistent. In this study, the negative binomial distribution model and the discrimination model of the middle host of multi-atrial natriuretic peptide were established. To carry out the intermediate host control work in a targeted manner, provide reference basis for the development of appropriate control strategy of blister-type echinococcosis, and provide control bubble.
【學位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R181.3
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 李俊;伍衛(wèi)平;;模型在棘球蚴病流行預(yù)測中的應(yīng)用[J];中國人獸共患病學報;2012年05期
，本文編號：2288541
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