【摘要】： 研究背景 釘螺是日本血吸蟲的唯一中間宿主。因此，控制釘螺是血吸蟲病防治的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。目前常用的氯硝柳胺等化學(xué)滅螺劑，雖有高效速效的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢，但存在對(duì)魚毒性大及價(jià)格高等弊病，因而從上世紀(jì)30年代以來，研制滅螺高效、環(huán)境安全及價(jià)格低廉的植物滅螺劑成了國內(nèi)外研究的熱點(diǎn)。但至今尚未研究出一種達(dá)到WHO要求的植物滅螺劑。 研究的內(nèi)容和意義 開展殺螺顯效植物DZ根莖中皂甙的提取分離、結(jié)構(gòu)剖析及生物活性研究，為創(chuàng)制WHO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的新型殺螺藥物提供設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)和物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。 研究方法和結(jié)果 DZ中皂甙的提取分離和結(jié)構(gòu)剖析研究：使用DZ根莖原粉，經(jīng)80％EtOH超聲水浴浸提，離心、活性炭脫色、結(jié)晶及CCL法的分離純化，獲得有效皂甙單體DZ-I。經(jīng)HPLC-VWD和ELSD檢測，DZ-I的純度為98％，結(jié)構(gòu)解析進(jìn)行中。 DZ-I的生物活性研究：依照WHO滅螺試驗(yàn)法研究，8．0 mg·L~(-1)和16．0 mg·L~(-1)。的DZ-I浸泡48h，滅螺率分別為91．6％和100％。 使用釘螺軟體組織制備的GPT，在經(jīng)L_(25)(5~6)正交試驗(yàn)法確定GPT反應(yīng)的最佳組合條件(酶濃度0．1mg·mL~(-1)，底物濃度5μmol·L~(-1)，反應(yīng)體系pH6．5，反應(yīng)溫度35℃，反應(yīng)時(shí)間30min)下，用1．0、5．0、10、50、100 mg·L~(-1)的DZ-I作用GPT，其誘導(dǎo)活性分別為168、138、96、75及57％，結(jié)果顯示低劑量DZ-I的誘導(dǎo)活性高。 使用平板抑菌法，50 mg·L~(-1)對(duì)棉花枯萎菌、水稻紋枯菌、黃瓜灰霉菌、小麥赤霉菌、蘋果輪紋菌及棉花炭疽菌48h的生長抑制率分別為26．32、10．26、17．39、3．70、28.30及4．55％
[Abstract]:Background Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Therefore, snail control is one of the key technologies for schistosomiasis control. The commonly used chemical snail killing agents such as niclosamide have the technical advantage of high efficiency and quick effect, but they have many disadvantages such as high toxicity to fish and high price, so since the 1930s, the snail killing efficiency has been developed. Environmental safety and low-cost plant molluscicides have become the focus of research at home and abroad. But up to now, no plant snail killer has been developed to meet the requirements of WHO. The content and significance of the study carried out the extraction, isolation, structure analysis and biological activity of saponins from the rootstock of DZ, which provided the design basis and material basis for the creation of new snail killing drugs of WHO standard. Methods and results the extraction, isolation and structure analysis of saponins from DZ: DZ rhizome raw powder was extracted by 80%EtOH ultrasonic water bath, centrifugation, activated carbon decolorization, crystallization and purification by CCL method. Obtaining effective saponin monomer DZ-I. The purity of DZ-I was 98% by HPLC-VWD and ELSD. The bioactivity of DZ-I was studied according to WHO method, 8.0 mg L ~ (-1) and 16.0 mg L ~ (-1). The snail killing rates were 91.6% and 100% respectively. The GPT, prepared by the soft tissue of Oncomelania hupensis was determined by L _ (25) (5 ~ 6) orthogonal test under the optimal combination conditions (enzyme concentration 0.1mg mL~ (-1), substrate concentration 5 渭 mol L ~ (-1), pH6.5, reaction temperature 35 鈩，

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