本文選題：工傷　切入點(diǎn)：流行病學(xué)　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：工傷常發(fā)于社會(huì)最具勞動(dòng)力的人群,不僅嚴(yán)重威脅著勞動(dòng)者的生命安全與健康,而且極易造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān),已經(jīng)成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家皆存在的重要公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題之一。 本文以某地級(jí)市C市為例,采用回顧性流行病學(xué)調(diào)查方法,描述2004—2008年間該市工傷的分布特征及流行規(guī)律,分析事故的分布狀況及發(fā)生原因,并提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策,為C市預(yù)防和控制工傷,減少事故發(fā)生率提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 首先,對(duì)工傷流行病學(xué)的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要闡述。 其次,對(duì)2004—2008年間C市工傷人員數(shù)據(jù)資料進(jìn)行整理篩選,運(yùn)用SPSS軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)工傷人群存在著聚集性,以男性為主,多發(fā)年齡段為30～39歲,工齡分布主要集中在0～4年間,多發(fā)工種有操作工、電工／焊工、鉗工、駕駛員／司機(jī)、車工、維修工；工傷時(shí)間存在著聚集性,以第三季度為高發(fā)期,2月為全年工傷人數(shù)最少的月份；受傷部位主要為上肢、下肢及頭面部；工傷等級(jí)分布差異明顯,10級(jí)工傷人數(shù)最多。 再次,對(duì)2004—2008年間C市安全生產(chǎn)事故報(bào)表資料進(jìn)行整理及統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)工傷事故起數(shù)總體呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),事故多發(fā)于制造業(yè)、建筑業(yè)以及采石業(yè),多發(fā)類別為高處墜落、物體打擊、機(jī)械傷害,多發(fā)企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模為中小型企業(yè)。排在事故原因首位的是“違反操作規(guī)程和勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律”,占總數(shù)的42.94%,屬于人的不安全行為；排在第二、三位的分別是“設(shè)備、設(shè)施、工具附件有缺陷”,“安全措施缺少或有缺陷”,屬于物的不安全狀態(tài)。 最后,本文提出了八項(xiàng)工傷預(yù)防與控制對(duì)策,包括建立健全工傷預(yù)防的規(guī)章制度,構(gòu)建完善工傷預(yù)防的管理體系,加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)的監(jiān)管力度,充分發(fā)揮工傷保險(xiǎn)的預(yù)防職能,強(qiáng)化企業(yè)的安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任,加強(qiáng)安全教育與技能培訓(xùn),構(gòu)建工傷預(yù)防與控制的全面信息系統(tǒng),加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督、培育中介組織。
[Abstract]:Industrial injuries often occur among the most laboring people in the society. They not only seriously threaten the life safety and health of workers, but also cause enormous economic and social burdens. It has become one of the important public health problems in both developed and developing countries. Taking C city of a prefectural level as an example, this paper describes the distribution characteristics and epidemic law of work-related injuries in this city from 2004 to 2008 by means of retrospective epidemiological investigation, analyzes the distribution and causes of accidents, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. It provides scientific basis for prevention and control of industrial injury and reduction of accident rate in C city. First of all, the related theory of industrial injury epidemiology is briefly expounded. Secondly, the data of work-related injury workers in C city from 2004 to 2008 were sorted out and analyzed by using SPSS software. It was found that the work-related injury population was clustered, mainly male, with a multiple age of 30 to 39 years old. The distribution of length of service is mainly concentrated in 0 / 4 years. There are many types of work such as operator, electrician / welder, fitter, driver / driver, lathe worker, maintenance worker. With the third quarter as the high incidence period, February is the month with the lowest number of injuries in the whole year; the injured parts are mainly upper limbs, lower limbs and head and face; the distribution of injury grade is the highest in the 10th grade. Thirdly, the data of safety accidents in C city from 2004 to 2008 were analyzed and analyzed. It was found that the initial number of industrial accidents showed a downward trend in general. Accidents occurred in manufacturing industry, construction industry and quarrying industry. Object strikes, mechanical injuries, multiple enterprises economic scale for small and medium-sized enterprises. The first cause of accidents is "violation of operating rules and labor discipline," accounting for 42.94 of the total, belong to human unsafe behavior; ranked second, "equipment, facilities, tools accessories are defective", "safety measures are lacking or defective", belong to the unsafe state of things. Finally, this paper puts forward eight countermeasures of industrial injury prevention and control, including establishing and perfecting the rules and regulations of industrial injury prevention, establishing and perfecting the management system of industrial injury prevention, strengthening the supervision of production safety, giving full play to the prevention function of industrial injury insurance. To strengthen the responsibility of production safety in enterprises, to strengthen safety education and skill training, to build a comprehensive information system for the prevention and control of work-related injuries, to strengthen supervision by public opinion, and to cultivate intermediary organizations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R181.3

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