本文關鍵詞：某三甲醫(yī)院醫(yī)院感染特征的臨床流行病學研究　出處：《新疆醫(yī)科大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 醫(yī)院感染 調查 預防和控制

【摘要】：目的:分析某綜合醫(yī)院五年住院患者醫(yī)院感染的現(xiàn)狀,了解醫(yī)院感染的科室、人群、年齡、感染部位的分布及醫(yī)院感染病原菌的構成等特征,為預防醫(yī)院感染制定有效的預防與控制措施提供依據(jù)。方法:利用醫(yī)院現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)院感染病例資料,由臨床醫(yī)師主動上報,醫(yī)院感染專職監(jiān)控人員采取目標監(jiān)測,同時回顧性查閱住院患者的出院病歷等方法,收集2005～2009年期間住院患者中的醫(yī)院感染病歷,并利用醫(yī)院網(wǎng)絡信息中心對資料進行完善和補充,按照中華醫(yī)院感染管理專業(yè)委員會制定的《醫(yī)院感染診斷標準》,對2005至2009年期間,所收集到的全部醫(yī)院感染病例進行統(tǒng)計分析。結果:1)五年住院患者160984例,發(fā)生醫(yī)院感染4616人,感染率2.87%,感染例次為4967例次,例次感染率3.09%;2)醫(yī)院感染發(fā)病率最高的科室是綜合ICU為20.99%,依次是燒傷科、腎病科、血液科、神經(jīng)外科、神經(jīng)內科,感染率分別為10.88%、8.72%、8.55%、6.78%、6.02%;3)最常見的醫(yī)院感染部位依次是上呼吸道、下呼吸道、胃腸道、泌尿道感染分別占36.34%、31.23%、12.97%、11.38%;4)4967例醫(yī)院感染患者中男性3017例占60.74%,女性1950例占39.26%,年齡最小的為出生后1天,最大94歲,平均年齡為58歲。年齡≥70歲醫(yī)院感染患者感染構成最高占32.45%;醫(yī)院感染患者平均住院日為30天,高于常規(guī)住院患者平均住院日;5)4967例醫(yī)院感染患者中共分離出病原菌1560株,其中G-病原菌773株占49.55%;G+病原菌196株占22.41%;真菌210株占13.46%;其他病原菌259株占16.57%;6)醫(yī)院感染的主要致病菌是革蘭陰性病原菌,主要來源于下呼吸道、泌尿道、手術切口、皮膚軟組織、血液等感染部位。結論:1)通過不同年度、不同科室、不同部位的感染率比較,為我院獲得了醫(yī)院感染趨勢及分布規(guī)律的基線資料,為醫(yī)院重點科室及重點人群開展醫(yī)院感染目標監(jiān)測、制定醫(yī)院感染的預防與控制提供了有利依據(jù);2)綜合ICU病區(qū)、燒傷科、新生兒病區(qū)、神經(jīng)內科、神經(jīng)外科、腎病科、血液科是我院醫(yī)院感染的高發(fā)科室,是開展醫(yī)院感染監(jiān)測的重點部門;3)嬰幼兒和老年患者是醫(yī)院感染的好發(fā)人群,而且隨著年齡的增加和減小醫(yī)院感染的比例呈增加趨勢,嬰幼兒好發(fā)胃腸道感染,老年患者好發(fā)呼吸道、胃腸道和泌尿道感染;4)醫(yī)院感染患者的住院時間明顯高于普通住院患者平均住院時間,住院時間越長越容易發(fā)生醫(yī)院感染,而醫(yī)院感染在不同程度上又延長了患者的住院時間;5)G-病原菌是引起醫(yī)院感染的主要致病菌。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the present situation of nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients in a general hospital for five years, and to understand the characteristics of nosocomial infection department, population, age, distribution of infection site and the composition of nosocomial infection pathogens. Methods: using the existing data of nosocomial infection cases, the clinicians should report it on their own initiative, and the full-time monitoring staff of nosocomial infection should take the aim to monitor the nosocomial infection in order to provide the basis for the effective prevention and control of nosocomial infection. At the same time, the hospital infection records of the inpatients were collected from 2005 to 2009, and the hospital network information center was used to perfect and supplement the data. According to the "Hospital infection diagnosis criteria" formulated by the Chinese Hospital infection Management Committee, the period from 2005 to 2009. Results 160984 cases of nosocomial infection occurred in 160984 patients in 5 years, and the infection rate was 2.87%. The infection times were 4967 times and the infection rate was 3.09 times. 2) the highest incidence of nosocomial infection was in the department of comprehensive ICU 20.99, followed by Burns, Renal, Hematology, Neurosurgery, Neurology, and the infection rate was 10.88%, respectively. 8.72, 8.55 and 6.78, about 6.02; 3) the most common nosocomial infection sites were upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infection respectively. 4among 4967 patients with nosocomial infection, 3017 cases were male and 39.26 cases were female. The youngest was 1 day after birth, the oldest was 94 years old. The average age was 58 years. The infection composition of nosocomial infection patients aged 鈮，

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