本文選題：學(xué)齡前兒童 + 齲病��； 參考：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:了解大同市3~5歲兒童乳牙患齲狀況、兒童飲食習(xí)慣、口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣、就診情況和家長口腔保健知識/態(tài)度的情況,為大同市兒童乳牙齲病的防治工作提供流行病學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:采用分層、整群、等容量隨機抽樣的方法,隨機抽取大同市城區(qū)3所幼兒園共324名兒童。每所幼兒園3、4、5歲兒童各36人,男童、女童各半。(一)、臨床檢查以視診結(jié)合探診的方法,檢查每位兒童20顆乳牙的牙冠狀況。根據(jù)記錄結(jié)果計算兒童乳牙患齲率、齲均、就診率。檢查器械主要使用CPI探針、帶光源口鏡、棉簽。(二)、問卷部分對兒童家長進行一對一詢問,了解兒童飲食習(xí)慣、口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣、就診情況和家長口腔保健知識/態(tài)度的情況。所有檢查結(jié)果核實錄入后使用SPSS l7.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。結(jié)果:1.患齲情況大同市3-5歲兒童患齲率為56.17%,齲均為3.12,有98.02%的齲齒尚未得到治療。患齲率隨年齡增長顯著上升(c2=15.746,P0.001),但在男女間沒有明顯差異(c2=0.451,P=0.502)。乳牙齲病呈低齡化趨勢,3歲幼兒患齲率已達到40.74%。顯著性齲均為7.79,是整體齲均的2.5倍。2.兒童飲食習(xí)慣半數(shù)以上的兒童有睡前進食甜點或甜飲料的習(xí)慣。甜飲料的進食頻率控制效果相對理想。睡前進食甜食的習(xí)慣對患齲率有影響(P=0.027)。3.口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣在324名受檢兒童中,有31.8%的兒童三歲之前已經(jīng)開始刷牙,35.2%三歲開始刷牙,有9.9%三歲之后(四歲和五歲)開始刷牙,21.9%的兒童尚未開始刷牙。在已經(jīng)開始刷牙的253名兒童中,只有31.2%能保證每日刷兩次牙,大部分每日刷一次(62.5%)。只有14.2%的家長能做到每天幫孩子刷牙。在247名使用牙膏刷牙的受檢兒童中,9.3%的兒童家長知道牙膏中含氟,22.3%明確知道牙膏中不含氟,68.4%的家長不清楚牙膏中是否含氟。對刷牙頻率、開始刷牙時間及家長輔助刷牙頻率進行單因素分析,僅開始刷牙時間對患齲率有影響(c2=7.613,p=0.022)。4.家長口腔保健知識/態(tài)度家長在“口腔健康對自己的生活很重要”、“定期口腔檢查十分必要”和“預(yù)防牙病首先要靠自己”這三項口腔常識上表現(xiàn)良好97.5%~87.7%。63.6%的家長同意“保護孩子的六齡齒很重要”�！澳赣H的牙齒不好會影響孩子的牙齒”這一項,同意和不同意此觀點的各有32.7%,33.6%的家長表示不知道是否有關(guān)。口腔保健知識答對率較高的有6道題,答對率均在70%以上。其中,“吃糖可以導(dǎo)致齲齒”的答對率最高,為89.2%�！案C溝封閉能預(yù)防兒童齲齒”和“氟化物對保護牙齒沒有用”兩題的答對率較低,分別為23.5%和25.3%,不知曉率分別為71%和69.1%。家長口腔保健的知識/態(tài)度對兒童口腔健康沒有明顯影響(p0.05)。5.就診情況324名受檢兒童中僅62人曾于相關(guān)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)就診。就診原因也以咨詢檢查(42.9%)和治療(46.9%)為主。275人近一年沒有帶孩子到醫(yī)院看過牙的主要原因是家長認為孩子的牙沒有問題(77.1%)。結(jié)論:由口腔健康檢查表結(jié)果可見:1、大同市3~5歲兒童患齲率高,就診率低。2、乳牙齲病呈低齡化趨勢。3、乳牙齲病存在高危人群。由口腔健康問卷結(jié)果可見:1、兒童口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣欠佳,不能保證有效刷牙。2、開始刷牙時間晚的和有睡前進食甜食習(xí)慣的兒童患齲情況更嚴重。3、家長對氟化物防齲知識和乳牙窩溝封閉缺乏了解。4、家長口腔健康知識尚欠缺,態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)化為行動的能力不足,就醫(yī)行為不容樂觀。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the status of dental caries, children's eating habits, oral hygiene habits, medical treatment and parents' oral health care knowledge / attitude in Datong 3~5 years old children, and to provide an epidemiological basis for the prevention and treatment of deciduous dental caries in Datong. Methods: the random sampling method of stratified, cluster and equal volume sampling was used to randomly select Datong city. There were 324 children in 3 kindergartens in the district. 36 children, boys and girls in each kindergarten were 36, boys and girls. (1) the dental crown status of 20 deciduous teeth in each child was examined by clinical examination. The dental caries, caries, and the rate of treatment were calculated according to the records. The CPI probe was used mainly for the examination instruments and the light source mirror was used. Cotton swabs (two) (two), the questionnaire part of the children's parents to conduct one to one inquiry, to understand the children's eating habits, oral hygiene habits, medical conditions and parents' oral health knowledge / attitude. All examination results were verified and verified by the use of SPSS l7.0 software for statistical analysis. Fruit: 1. cases of dental caries in Datong 3-5 year old children with caries rate of 56.17%, The caries were 3.12, and 98.02% of the caries had not been treated. The caries rate increased significantly with age (c2=15.746, P0.001), but there was no significant difference between men and women (c2=0.451, P=0.502). The decayed tooth caries showed a low age trend. The caries rate of 3 year old children had reached 7.79 of 40.74%. significant caries, and half of the overall caries average of 2.5 times.2. children's eating habits half. These children have the habit of eating desserts or sweet drinks before bedtime. The frequency control effect of sweet drinks is relatively ideal. The habit of eating sweets before bedtime has an effect on the rate of dental caries (P=0.027).3. oral hygiene habits in 324 children examined, 31.8% of them have started brushing their teeth before three years of age, and they begin to brush their teeth at the age of 35.2% and three, and 9.9% three years old. After four and five years old, 21.9% of the children have not begun to brush their teeth. Of the 253 children who have already begun brushing, only 31.2% can brush two teeth a day, mostly once a day (62.5%). Only 14.2% of the parents can brush their teeth every day. Among the children who have been brushing their teeth by 247 toothpaste, 9.3% of the children's parents know that. Fluoride in toothpaste, 22.3% clearly know no fluoride in toothpaste, 68.4% of the parents do not know whether fluoride in the toothpaste. The frequency of brushing teeth, the beginning of brushing time and parental assistance in dental brushing frequency of single factor analysis, only start brushing time has an impact on the rate of dental caries (c2=7.613, p=0.022).4. parents oral health knowledge / attitude parents in "oral health" "It is important for your life", "regular oral examination is necessary" and "prevention of dental disease first depends on yourself." the three oral common sense 97.5%~87.7%.63.6% parents agree that "protecting the six age teeth of a child is important". "Mother's tooth is not good will affect the child's teeth", agree and disagree on this view. There were 32.7% and 33.6% of the parents who did not know whether they were concerned. There were 6 questions in the oral health care knowledge, and the answer rate was above 70%. Among them, the answer rate of "candy can lead to dental caries" was the highest, and the rate of answer of the 89.2%. "pit and furrow sealing can prevent children's caries" and "fluorides to protect the teeth" two questions were compared. Low, 23.5% and 25.3%, 71% and 69.1%. parents' oral health care knowledge / attitude had no significant impact on children's oral health (P0.05).5. visits. Only 62 of the 324 children who had been examined had been hospitalized in the relevant medical institutions. The reasons for the consultation (42.9%) and treatment (46.9%) were not taken for nearly one year. The main reason that children see the teeth in the hospital is that the parents believe that the teeth of children have no problem (77.1%). Conclusion: the results of oral health check list can be seen: 1, 3~5 years old children in Datong have high dental caries rate, low rate of.2, deciduous dental caries of.3, and high risk population of deciduous dental caries. The results of oral health questionnaire can be seen: 1, oral hygiene of children. Poor habits can not guarantee the effective brushing of.2. Children who begin to brush their teeth late and have the habit of eating sweets before sleep are more serious.3. Parents lack knowledge of dental fluoridate knowledge and lacunal fissure closure, lack of knowledge on the oral health knowledge of parents, lack of ability to translate attitude into action, and not be optimistic about medical behavior.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R788.1

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