本文選題：口腔修復(fù) + 口腔CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)和圖形學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,口腔數(shù)字化修復(fù)技術(shù)憑借高效率、高精度和智能化的優(yōu)勢(shì),正逐步取代傳統(tǒng)的口腔修復(fù)體手工設(shè)計(jì)、制造方式,掀起口腔修復(fù)領(lǐng)域的一次技術(shù)革命。針對(duì)國(guó)外口腔CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)壟斷國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)以及國(guó)內(nèi)義齒數(shù)字化修復(fù)技術(shù)存在交互多、效率低、精度差等問題的現(xiàn)狀,本文從計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)和口腔修復(fù)學(xué)的結(jié)合應(yīng)用出發(fā),深入研究了牙齒分割和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牙冠定位這兩項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),提出了新方法。具體內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)針對(duì)三維牙頜模型直接進(jìn)行牙齒分割而不對(duì)齒間融合區(qū)域進(jìn)行處理會(huì)存在精確度較差、缺失側(cè)面形狀的問題和現(xiàn)有牙齒形狀建模方法交互多、效率低的問題,提出一種基于特征線分段技術(shù)的牙齒分割算法。根據(jù)曲率信息篩選特征區(qū)域并采用形態(tài)學(xué)算法提取牙列特征線;結(jié)合特征線分段和分支點(diǎn)匹配算法以及形態(tài)學(xué)膨脹操作實(shí)現(xiàn)齒間融合區(qū)域的自動(dòng)識(shí)別;利用匹配的分支點(diǎn)對(duì)齒間孔洞搭橋修補(bǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)牙齒形狀的自動(dòng)恢復(fù);提取齒間齦緣線,然后以所有齦緣線作為牙齒分割線分離出單顆牙齒。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該算法不僅能準(zhǔn)確分離出具有側(cè)面形狀的單顆牙齒,而且避免了牙齒形狀建模時(shí)的交互操作,提高牙齒分割效率60%~90%。(2)為便于在口腔CAD系統(tǒng)中對(duì)義齒進(jìn)行縮放、定位和匹配等設(shè)計(jì)工作,提出一種簡(jiǎn)單、可靠的數(shù)字化牙體形位參數(shù)測(cè)量方法。首先通過觀察和分析,確定以近遠(yuǎn)中方向?qū)ΨQ面、頰(唇)舌方向?qū)ΨQ面和牙尖所在水平面3個(gè)面作為建立牙齒定位約束的基準(zhǔn)面,并從實(shí)用角度考慮,確定以近遠(yuǎn)中徑和頰(唇)舌徑2個(gè)水平方向尺寸作為牙齒的形狀參數(shù);然后,改進(jìn)了牙體外形高點(diǎn)的識(shí)別方法,通過設(shè)置動(dòng)態(tài)閾值保證了識(shí)別結(jié)果的可靠性;最后,通過識(shí)別5個(gè)外形高點(diǎn)計(jì)算出相應(yīng)的形位參數(shù)。(3)在全冠、全冠橋以及嵌體等修復(fù)體設(shè)計(jì)中,從系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫調(diào)入的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牙冠被用來模擬缺失牙的位姿并作為修復(fù)體的外表面(或頜面)。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牙冠定位技術(shù)操作復(fù)雜、效率低、效果差的問題,提出一種簡(jiǎn)便高效的解決方案:在調(diào)入?yún)⒖紝?duì)象后首先調(diào)整基牙坐標(biāo)系,然后計(jì)算出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牙冠與參考對(duì)象的形位參數(shù),再通過齊次坐標(biāo)變換對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牙冠的尺寸和位置進(jìn)行調(diào)整。進(jìn)一步,根據(jù)鄰牙和基牙約束信息將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牙冠定位分為四類情形:根據(jù)左右鄰牙進(jìn)行定位、根據(jù)單顆基牙進(jìn)行定位、根據(jù)基牙和一側(cè)鄰牙進(jìn)行定位和根據(jù)嵌體預(yù)備體進(jìn)行定位,這四種情形涵蓋了修復(fù)體設(shè)計(jì)定位的各種場(chǎng)景。對(duì)此,文中分別給出詳細(xì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,定位后的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牙冠尺寸與基牙較為協(xié)調(diào),近遠(yuǎn)中面與鄰牙自然貼合,牙齒位姿較為合理。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer technology, information technology and graphics technology, with the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and intelligence, digital prosthesis technology is gradually replacing the traditional manual design and manufacturing method of dental prosthesis. Set off a technological revolution in the field of prosthodontics. In view of the foreign oral CAD/CAM system monopoly domestic market and the domestic denture digital restoration technology has many problems, such as interaction, low efficiency, poor precision and so on, this paper starts from the combination of computer graphics and prosthodontics. Two key technologies of tooth segmentation and standard crown positioning are studied and a new method is proposed. The specific contents and results are as follows: 1) in view of the three-dimensional dental model, it is difficult to segment the teeth directly without processing the fusion area between teeth, and the problem of missing side shape and the interaction between the existing methods of tooth shape modeling are many. A tooth segmentation algorithm based on feature line segmentation is proposed. According to the curvature information, the feature region is selected and the dentition feature line is extracted by morphological algorithm, and the feature line segment and branch point matching algorithm and morphological expansion operation are combined to realize the automatic recognition of the fusion region between teeth. The matching branch points were used to repair the holes between teeth to achieve the automatic restoration of the tooth shape. The gingival margin line was extracted and the single tooth was separated from all the gingival margin lines. The experimental results show that the algorithm can not only accurately separate a single tooth with side shape, but also avoid the interactive operation of tooth shape modeling, and improve the efficiency of tooth segmentation. In this paper, a simple and reliable method for measuring the profile and position parameters of digital teeth is presented. First, through observation and analysis, it is determined that the symmetrical plane in the direction of the proximal Chinese side, the symmetrical plane of the cheek (lip) and the horizontal plane of the cusp are used as the datum for the establishment of the tooth positioning constraint, and considered from the practical point of view. The shape parameters of the teeth are determined in the two horizontal dimensions of proximal midway diameter and buccal (lip) diameter. Then, the recognition method of tooth contour height is improved, and the reliability of the recognition result is ensured by setting dynamic threshold. The corresponding shape and position parameters are calculated by identifying the five height points.) in the design of crown, crown bridge and inlay, etc., Standard crowns from the system database are used to simulate the posture of missing teeth and act as the external surface of the prosthesis (or maxillofacial canal). Aiming at the problems of complex operation, low efficiency and poor effect of the existing standard crown positioning technology, a simple and efficient solution is proposed: adjusting the abutment coordinate system first after the reference object is transferred. Then the shape and position parameters of standard crown and reference object are calculated and the size and position of standard crown are adjusted by homogeneous coordinate transformation. Furthermore, according to the constraint information of adjacent teeth and abutment teeth, the standard crown positioning was divided into four categories: location based on left and right teeth, single abutment, abutment and side adjacent teeth, and inlay preparation. These four scenarios cover the various scenarios of the fix design location. In this paper, the detailed implementation process is given. The experimental results show that the standard crown size is more compatible with the abutment teeth, and the proximal and middle surfaces are naturally aligned with the adjacent teeth, and the position and posture of the teeth are more reasonable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R783;TP391.7

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本文編號(hào)：1787357