【摘要】：精神分裂癥是精神疾病中較為嚴(yán)重的一種,病因未明和癥狀復(fù)雜導(dǎo)致其診斷困難。目前,精神分裂癥的診斷在很大程度上依賴于精神科醫(yī)生的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及國(guó)內(nèi)外的疾病分類手冊(cè)(CCMD-3和DSM-IV-TR等),至今未有一種確切的客觀的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。隨著電生理學(xué)和數(shù)字信號(hào)處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展,腦電信號(hào)分析輔助精神分裂癥診斷成為國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究熱點(diǎn)。腦電信號(hào)是非線性的、復(fù)雜的信號(hào),傳統(tǒng)的線性分析方法不適用于其特征分析,故本文采用非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)分析精神分裂癥患者的腦電信號(hào),尋找有效表征精神分裂癥的非線性特征,以期建立精神分裂癥診斷的一個(gè)相對(duì)客觀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。精神分裂癥的發(fā)病機(jī)理至今尚未清楚,但研究表明精神分類癥有多種認(rèn)知障礙,而執(zhí)行功能障礙是最主要的認(rèn)知障礙。執(zhí)行功能可以分為兩個(gè)方面:冷執(zhí)行功能(Cool Executive Function)和熱執(zhí)行功能(Hot Executive Function)。其中,冷執(zhí)行功能主要涉及反應(yīng)抑制、注意和個(gè)體執(zhí)行任務(wù)的有效性、靈活性,體現(xiàn)被試對(duì)任務(wù)的規(guī)劃處理能力。冷執(zhí)行功能不涉及情緒喚醒的內(nèi)容,較為客觀,故本文選擇冷執(zhí)行能力任務(wù)作為實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激。本文分別對(duì)17名首發(fā)未服藥精神分裂癥患者與對(duì)應(yīng)的17名健康正常志愿者在三種冷執(zhí)行任務(wù)(連線測(cè)驗(yàn)A、連線測(cè)驗(yàn)B和河內(nèi)塔)狀態(tài)下采集的多導(dǎo)聯(lián)各波段腦電信號(hào)進(jìn)行非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,計(jì)算其C0復(fù)雜度、分形維數(shù)和近似熵等非線性特征,分析首發(fā)精神分裂癥患者與正常人腦電信號(hào)之間的差異,進(jìn)而采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析和支持向量機(jī)分類器(SVM)驗(yàn)證其效果。結(jié)果顯示,首發(fā)精神分裂癥患者腦電信號(hào)更不規(guī)則、更復(fù)雜,在冷執(zhí)行任務(wù),特別是連線測(cè)試B任務(wù)下,近似熵與分形維數(shù)能夠較好地揭示首發(fā)精神分裂癥患者組與健康對(duì)照組腦電信號(hào)非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)特征之間的差異,而C0復(fù)雜度的表征效果并不理想。因此,通過(guò)選擇合適的非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)算法分析患者在冷執(zhí)行任務(wù)狀態(tài)下的腦電信號(hào)能夠較好地、客觀地揭示精神分裂癥患者抽象的認(rèn)知功能障礙,為精神分裂癥的診斷及治療提供新的客觀參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental diseases, which is difficult to diagnose because of unknown etiology and complicated symptoms. At present, the diagnosis of schizophrenia depends to a large extent on the clinical experience of psychiatrists and the domestic and foreign disease classification manuals (CCMD-3 and DSM-IV-TR, etc.), so far there is no definite objective diagnostic criteria. With the development of electrophysiology and digital signal processing technology, EEG analysis-assisted diagnosis of schizophrenia has become a hot research topic at home and abroad. The EEG signal is nonlinear and complex, and the traditional linear analysis method is not suitable for its characteristic analysis. Therefore, this paper uses nonlinear dynamics to analyze the EEG signal of schizophrenic patients. In order to establish a relatively objective criterion for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, we look for the nonlinear characteristics of schizophrenia. The pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still unclear, but studies have shown that there are many cognitive disorders in psychotaxonomy, and executive dysfunction is the most important cognitive disorder. The execution function can be divided into two aspects: the cold execution function (Cool Executive Function) and the hot execution function (Hot Executive Function). Among them, the cold execution function mainly involves the response inhibition, the effectiveness and flexibility of attention and individual task execution, which reflects the ability of the subjects to plan and deal with the task. Cold execution function does not involve the content of emotional arousal, so this paper chooses cold execution ability task as experimental stimulus. In this paper, 17 first-episode schizophrenic patients and 17 healthy volunteers were assigned three cold tasks (A, C), respectively. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the multi-channel EEG signals collected under the state of connection test B and Hanoi tower was carried out, and the nonlinear characteristics such as C _ 0 complexity, fractal dimension and approximate entropy were calculated. The difference between the first-episode schizophrenic patients and normal EEG signals was analyzed, and the results were verified by statistical analysis and support vector machine classifier (SVM). The results showed that the EEG signals of the first-episode schizophrenic patients were more irregular and complex, especially in the cold task execution, especially under the B task of the wired test. Approximate entropy and fractal dimension can well reveal the difference between the first-episode schizophrenia group and the healthy control group in nonlinear dynamic characteristics of EEG signal, but the representation effect of C _ 0 complexity is not ideal. Therefore, by choosing a suitable nonlinear dynamic algorithm to analyze the EEG signals in the cold task state, we can objectively reveal the abstract cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenic patients. To provide a new objective reference for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R749.3

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