發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-27 01:40

  本文選題：大腦白質(zhì)及白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維 + 少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞�。� 參考：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：第一部分長(zhǎng)期跑步對(duì)大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維和少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞老年改變的體視學(xué)研究 目的探討從中年開(kāi)始為期14個(gè)月的中強(qiáng)度跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)大腦白質(zhì)及其內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維和少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞老年改變的作用，以期認(rèn)識(shí)長(zhǎng)期跑步鍛煉保護(hù)大腦白質(zhì)的形態(tài)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)及其機(jī)制。 方法在跑步鍛煉前（14月齡）、跑步4個(gè)月（18月齡）和跑步鍛煉結(jié)束（28月齡）均隨機(jī)挑選雌、雄性SD大鼠各10只進(jìn)行水迷宮測(cè)試，行為學(xué)測(cè)試后進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)定量研究。隨機(jī)挑選跑28月步鍛煉組、對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡每組雌、雄性大鼠各5只，每只大鼠隨機(jī)抽取一側(cè)大腦半球，被抽取的每側(cè)大腦半球隨機(jī)抽取6塊大小為1.5mm×1.5mm×1.0mm白質(zhì)塊制成60nm超薄切片，通過(guò)透射電子顯微鏡獲得6-8張放大6000倍照片。余下的一側(cè)大腦半球每隔1mm切取1張50μm冠狀冰凍切片，標(biāo)記切片中少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞。運(yùn)用體視學(xué)方法得到大鼠髓鞘老年改變的比例、大鼠大腦白質(zhì)總體積、有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積和少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量。 結(jié)果1.跑步訓(xùn)練4個(gè)月的雌、雄性大鼠的潛伏期較跑步訓(xùn)練前顯著縮短(p＜0.05)，跑步訓(xùn)練14個(gè)月的雌、雄性大鼠的潛伏期與跑步訓(xùn)練前比較沒(méi)有顯著性差異(p＞0.05)；長(zhǎng)期鍛煉后的潛伏期和對(duì)照組28月齡的潛伏期沒(méi)有顯著性差異(p＞0.05)。2.28月齡跑步訓(xùn)練組、對(duì)照組18月齡和28月齡雌性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)發(fā)生退行性改變的神經(jīng)纖維比例分別為21.2±11.04%、35.8±9.78%和49.2±2.56%；28月齡跑步鍛煉組、對(duì)照組18月齡和28月齡雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)發(fā)生退行性改變的神經(jīng)纖維比例分別為24.9±9.62%、50.80±3.64%和44.1±10.30%。與對(duì)照組大鼠比較，雌、雄性跑步訓(xùn)練組大腦白質(zhì)發(fā)生退行性改變的有髓神經(jīng)纖維比例均顯著性降低（p＜0.05)。3.28月齡雌、雄性跑步訓(xùn)練組大鼠大腦白質(zhì)體積分別較對(duì)照組28月齡雌、雄性大鼠大56.5%(p＜0.01)和43.3%(p＜0.01)。28月齡跑步訓(xùn)練組雌性大鼠白質(zhì)體積顯著性大于照組18月齡雌性大鼠的白質(zhì)體積(p＜0.01)，28月齡跑步訓(xùn)練組和對(duì)照組18月齡雄性大鼠白質(zhì)體積沒(méi)有顯著性差異(p0.05)。4.跑步組雌、雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度分別比對(duì)照組28月齡雌、雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)45.48%(p＜0.01)和34.83%(p＜0.01)。跑步組雌性大鼠比對(duì)照組18月齡雌性大鼠的白質(zhì)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)48.20%(p＜0.01)；跑步組雄性大鼠比對(duì)照組18月齡雄性大鼠的白質(zhì)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)23.52%(p0.05)。5.跑步組雌、雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積較對(duì)照組28月齡雌、雄性大鼠分別大55.98%和46.84%(p＜0.01)；跑步組雌性大鼠比對(duì)照組18月齡雌性大鼠的白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積大44.07%(p＜0.01)，跑步組雄性大鼠比對(duì)照組18月齡雄性大鼠的白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積大20.57%(p0.05)。6.跑步組雌、雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)CNPase~+少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量分別為（12.48±0.63）×10~6和（12.59±1.96）×10~6，而對(duì)照組28月齡雌、雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)CNPase~+少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量分別為（5.05±1.31）×10~6和（6.48±0.84）×10~6，跑步訓(xùn)練組白質(zhì)內(nèi)CNPase~+少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量顯著較對(duì)照組28月齡多(p＜0.01)。跑步訓(xùn)練組白質(zhì)內(nèi)大鼠CNPase+少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量能夠保持在對(duì)照組18月齡大鼠的水平（11.08±1.35）×10~6(p＞0.05)和（11.65±1.32×10~6）(p＞0.05)。 結(jié)論1.長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)老年大鼠空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力具有積極的保護(hù)作用。2.長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練能夠有效地減少髓鞘的退行性改變，并能顯著降低雌、雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)體積、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度和總體積以及少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量的老年改變。長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練能夠使28月齡雄性大鼠白質(zhì)保持在對(duì)照組18月齡大鼠大腦白質(zhì)各相關(guān)參數(shù)的水平，甚至使28月齡雌性大鼠白質(zhì)各相關(guān)參數(shù)高于對(duì)照組18月齡大鼠白質(zhì)的相關(guān)參數(shù)。 目的探討長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)大鼠大腦白質(zhì)毛細(xì)血管老年改變的作用，以期進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)老年大腦白質(zhì)毛細(xì)血管保護(hù)程度和機(jī)制。 方法跑步訓(xùn)練組、對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡每組隨機(jī)挑選雄雌SD大鼠各5只，每只大鼠隨機(jī)抽取一側(cè)大腦半球，取出抽取的每側(cè)大腦半球的白質(zhì)，經(jīng)Isector法冰凍包埋，獲取5μm各向切片，通過(guò)免疫組織化學(xué)標(biāo)記血管膠原Ⅳ。在放大1000倍下獲取視野進(jìn)行體視學(xué)分析，得出毛細(xì)血管的總長(zhǎng)度、總表面積和總體積。 結(jié)果1.跑步訓(xùn)練組，雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總長(zhǎng)度分別為36.92±4.65m和33.68±3.91m。對(duì)照組28月齡雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總長(zhǎng)度分別為22.55±5.39m和18.42±2.55m，對(duì)照組18月齡雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總長(zhǎng)度分別為29.31±2.97m和30.76±5.46m。跑步組雌性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總長(zhǎng)度分別較對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡雌性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)63.73%(p0.01)和25.96%(p0.01)；跑步組雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總長(zhǎng)度分別較對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡雄性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)82.84%(p0.01)和9.49%(p0.05)。2.跑步訓(xùn)練組雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總表面積分別為6.35±0.99cm~2和8.79±1.22cm~2。對(duì)照組28月齡雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總表面積分別為4.29±0.59cm~2和3.34±0.51cm~2，對(duì)照組18月齡時(shí)雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總表面積分別為8.08±1.96cm~2和6.79±1.53cm~2。在雌性大鼠，跑步訓(xùn)練組大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總表面積分別較對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總表面積大48.02%(p0.01)和21.41%(p0.05)；在雄性大鼠，跑步訓(xùn)練組大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總表面積分別較對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總表面積大163.17%(p0.01) and29.46%(p0.05)。3.跑步訓(xùn)練組雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總體積分別為0.66±0.14mm~3和0.83±0.20mm~3。對(duì)照組28月齡雌、雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總體積分別為0.69±0.24mm~3和1.06±0.29mm~3，對(duì)照組18月齡、雌雄大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的總體積分別為0.51±0.23mm~3和1.03±0.37mm~3。在雌性大鼠，跑步組大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總體積分別較對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總體積大37.74%(p0.05)和4.35%(p0.05)；在雄性大鼠，，跑步組大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總體積分別較對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總體積大62.75%(p0.05)和19.42%(p0.05)。 結(jié)論長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)老年大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管總長(zhǎng)度、總體積和總表面積具有積極的保護(hù)作用。28月齡跑步訓(xùn)練組雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)顯著性高于對(duì)照組28月齡雄大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，與18月齡對(duì)照組大鼠大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)之間無(wú)顯著性差異。28月齡跑步訓(xùn)練組雌性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)顯著性高于對(duì)照組28月齡和對(duì)照組18月齡雌性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)。 目的探討長(zhǎng)期跑步鍛煉對(duì)老年大鼠外周血和白質(zhì)內(nèi)神經(jīng)、血管生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)因子的作用，以期進(jìn)一步揭示長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)白質(zhì)保護(hù)作用的可能機(jī)制。 方法從跑步訓(xùn)練組、對(duì)照組28月齡中每組隨機(jī)挑選雄性SD大鼠各5只。在跑步完成后半小時(shí)內(nèi)取外周血和大腦。白質(zhì)在冰上分離后勻漿。血液和白質(zhì)勻漿液離心后取上清液，用BCA法和Elisa試劑盒檢測(cè)外周血和白質(zhì)中神經(jīng)血管相關(guān)因子含量。 結(jié)果1.跑步組外周血中的BDNF的含量是154.0±8.7ng/L，較對(duì)照組的124.9±10.3ng/L有顯著性升高（p＜0.01）。外周血中與神經(jīng)、血管生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)其余因子（FGF、IGF-1和NGF）跑步組和對(duì)照組之間沒(méi)有顯著差異（p＞0.05）。2.對(duì)照組大鼠大腦白質(zhì)中神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)的因子BDNF、NGF、GDNF和NOGO-A的含量分別為675.2±93.9pg/mg、371.6±48.0pg/mg、543.8±67.1pg/mg和925.4±131.2pg/mg；跑步組大鼠大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)的因子BDNF、NGF、GDNF和NOGO-A的含量分別為466.3±59.2pg/mg、295.7±79.4pg/mg、171.6±44.2pg/mg和334.9±61.3pg/mg，跑步訓(xùn)練組分別較對(duì)照組低30.9%（p㩳0.01）、50.8%（p㩳0.01）、45.6%（p㩳0.01）和63.8%（p㩳0.01）。跑步組大腦白質(zhì)中血管形成相關(guān)的因子VEGF和Ang-1分別比對(duì)照組低52.1%（p㩳0.01）和51.3%（p㩳0.01）。 結(jié)論1.長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練促進(jìn)了外周血中BDNF的顯著性升高，使大腦白質(zhì)中神經(jīng)、血管生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)因子的蛋白含量顯著性降低。2.長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)于對(duì)外周血和大腦白質(zhì)中相關(guān)神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子和相關(guān)血管形成因子的作用與長(zhǎng)期跑步訓(xùn)練對(duì)老年大腦白質(zhì)及老年大腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管保護(hù)作用的關(guān)系尚需進(jìn)一步的深入研究。
[Abstract]:Stereological study of the changes of the first part of long - term running on the aged changes in the brain white matter of rats with myelinated nerve fibers and less glial cells

Objective To explore the role of medium - intensity running training for middle - intensity running training for the aged 14 months to change the aged changes of cerebral white matter and myelinated nerve fibers and microglial cells , with a view to understanding the morphological basis and mechanism of long - term running exercise to protect the white matter of the brain .

Methods : Female and male SD rats were randomly selected for 4 months ( 14 months ) , running for 4 months ( 18 months ) and end of running exercise ( 28 months ) .

Results 1 . After 4 months of running training , the latency of male rats was significantly shorter than that before running ( p & lt ; 0.05 ) , and the latency of female and male rats after running for 14 months showed no significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) between the incubation period after long - term exercise and the incubation period of 28 - month - old in the control group ( p > 0.05 ) . The proportion of nerve fibers with degeneration of brain white matter in the control group was 21.2 鹵 11.04 % , 35.8 鹵 9.78 % and 49.2 鹵 2.56 % , respectively .
Compared with control group , the total length of myelinated nerve fibers was 45.48 % ( p & lt ; 0.01 ) and 34.83 % ( p & lt ; 0.01 ) .
Compared with the control group , the total length of myelinated nerve fibers was 23.52 % ( p < 0.05 ) . The total volume of myelinated nerve fibers was 55.98 % and 46.84 % ( p < 0.01 ) .
Compared with the control group , the number of CNPase + Oligodendrocytes in running group was ( 12.48 鹵 0.63 ) 脳 10 ~ 6 and ( 12.59 鹵 0.96 ) 脳 10 ~ 6 , while the number of CNPase ~ + Oligodendrocytes in the white matter of running group was significantly higher than that in control group ( 11.08 鹵 1.35 ) 脳 10 ~ 6 ( p > 0.05 ) and ( 11.65 鹵 1.32 脳 10 ~ 6 ) ( p > 0.05 ) .

Conclusion 1 . Long - term running training has a positive protective effect on the spatial learning and memory ability of old rats . Long - term running training can effectively reduce the degeneration of the myelin sheath and decrease the total length and total volume of myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter .

Objective To explore the effect of long - term running training on the changes of cerebral white capillary vessel in rats , with a view to further understanding the degree and mechanism of long - term running training for the aged cerebral white capillary vessel protection .

Methods All 5 male and female SD rats were randomly selected from each group at 28 months of age and 18 months of age in the control group . Each rat was randomly selected to extract the white matter from one side of the cerebral hemisphere , then the white matter of each cerebral hemisphere was taken out , then the slices were frozen and embedded by the Isector method , and the collagen 鈪

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