發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-22 23:37

  本文選題：孤獨(dú)癥譜系障礙　切入點(diǎn)：面孔表情　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué):生命科學(xué)》2017年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：大量研究指出,孤獨(dú)癥譜系障礙(ASD)患者存在面部表情識(shí)別和理解的缺陷,這是患者社會(huì)功能受損的核心來(lái)源.對(duì)面孔表情具有情緒敏感性是理解與識(shí)別表情的先決條件,但ASD患者對(duì)面部表情的情緒敏感性迄今尚未得到系統(tǒng)分析.本文將ASD與面部表情知覺(jué)的相關(guān)研究按照實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)類型進(jìn)行了分類,發(fā)現(xiàn)該領(lǐng)域研究可劃分為3種任務(wù)類型:外顯表情觀察任務(wù)、引導(dǎo)注視點(diǎn)觀察任務(wù)和內(nèi)隱表情觀察任務(wù).由此重點(diǎn)對(duì)比了ASD患者在3種任務(wù)類型下的行為,外周生理反應(yīng)與腦激活模式.結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),ASD患者對(duì)面孔表情的情緒敏感性缺陷主要體現(xiàn)在外顯表情觀察與引導(dǎo)注視點(diǎn)觀察任務(wù)中.相比上述兩種要求被試有意注意面孔表情特征的任務(wù),ASD患者在內(nèi)隱表情觀察任務(wù)中能對(duì)面部表情表現(xiàn)出與正常被試相似或更大的注意偏向及杏仁核激活.這提示ASD患者并非完全缺乏對(duì)面部表情的情緒敏感性;而很可能是在有意注意表情的條件下,該群體的面孔適應(yīng)困難使之產(chǎn)生了對(duì)面孔情緒特征的回避,故無(wú)法有效激活以杏仁核為核心的情感神經(jīng)環(huán)路.據(jù)此,本文提出了對(duì)ASD患者的表情敏感性缺陷的干預(yù)設(shè)想,即通過(guò)無(wú)意識(shí)地、內(nèi)隱地訓(xùn)練ASD患者維持對(duì)面孔情緒特征的注意很可能會(huì)改善其表情敏感性和面孔適應(yīng)能力,這種方式對(duì)于ASD的臨床干預(yù)和社會(huì)能力的提高或?qū)⒕哂兄匾饬x.
[Abstract]:A large number of studies have pointed out that patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have defects in facial expression recognition and understanding, which is the core source of social impairment in patients. Emotional sensitivity to facial expressions is a prerequisite for understanding and recognizing facial expressions. However, the emotional sensitivity of ASD patients to facial expressions has not been systematically analyzed. This paper classifies the relationship between ASD and facial expression perception according to the type of experimental task. It was found that the research in this field can be divided into three types: explicit expression observation task, guided gaze observation task and implicit expression observation task. The results showed that the emotional sensitivity of ASD patients to facial expressions was mainly reflected in the tasks of explicit expression observation and guiding fixation point observation. The task of facial expression characteristics in ASD patients showed similar or greater attention bias to facial expression and activation of amygdala, which suggested that ASD patients were not completely lack of emotional sensitivity to facial expressions. It is very likely that under the condition of conscious attention to facial expression, the difficulty of face adaptation in this group caused the avoidance of facial emotional characteristics, so it could not effectively activate the emotional neural loop with the amygdala as the core. In this paper, we propose an intervention plan for facial expression sensitivity defects in ASD patients, that is, by unconsciously and implicitly training ASD patients to maintain attention to facial emotional characteristics, it is likely to improve their facial sensitivity and face adaptability. This approach may be of great significance to the clinical intervention and the improvement of social ability of ASD.
【作者單位】： 西南大學(xué)心理學(xué)部認(rèn)知與人格教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;重慶市第九人民醫(yī)院孤獨(dú)癥康復(fù)治療中心;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):31400906,31671164)資助
【分類號(hào)】：R749.94
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本文編號(hào)：1650934