本文選題：前交叉韌帶　切入點：損傷　出處：《青島大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的：分析非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷的外在和內(nèi)在危險因素,為預防前交叉韌帶損傷提供理論依據(jù)。 資料與方法：回顧性分析解放軍401醫(yī)院2002年3月-2011年12月177例非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷病例,分別以損傷時鞋子類型、損傷發(fā)生場地、致傷動作、體重質(zhì)量指數(shù)、女性患者受傷時間與月經(jīng)周期的關(guān)系、運動前有無熱身活動為指標,研究外在環(huán)境因素、生物力學因素、內(nèi)在因素、神經(jīng)肌肉因素與非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷發(fā)病的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果：外在環(huán)境因素方面,摩擦系數(shù)最大的塑膠場地發(fā)生非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷最多(101例、占56.9%),其它依次為草地(39例、占22.4%)、沙泥地(21例、占12%)、水泥地(16例、占8.7%)；運動時穿摩擦系數(shù)最大的軍事作訓鞋運動損傷發(fā)生最多(125例、占70.6%),其它依次為運動鞋(37例、占20.7%)、布鞋(12例、占6.9%),皮鞋(3例、占1.7%)；生物力學方面,損傷原因中軍事訓練傷占39.6%,其余依次為籃球37.9%、足球10.3%、排球5.4%、下樓梯3.4%、舞蹈3.4%,在所有致傷動作中屈膝外翻(116例、占65.5%)、跳起落地(30例、占16.9%)、運動急停(21例、占11.9%),暴力扭轉(zhuǎn)(10例、占5.7%)；內(nèi)在因素方面,體重質(zhì)量指數(shù)超重組發(fā)生損傷最多(116例、占65.5%),其余依次為健康組(27例、占15.2%)、(肥胖組24例、占13.5%)、過輕組(10例、占5.8%)。內(nèi)分泌因素方面女性患者損傷多發(fā)生于排卵期前；神經(jīng)肌肉因素方面,96.5%的患者運動前未行系統(tǒng)的熱身準備活動,提示神經(jīng)肌肉調(diào)節(jié)對減少非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷有重要作用。 結(jié)論：非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷的危險因素包括外在環(huán)境因素、內(nèi)在因素、生物力學因素、神經(jīng)肌肉因素,其中通過系統(tǒng)訓練強化神經(jīng)肌肉調(diào)節(jié)能力有助于降低非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷的發(fā)病,是今后預防非接觸性前交叉韌帶損傷研究的主要方向。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the external and internal risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) in order to provide theoretical basis for prevention of ACL injury. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of 177 cases of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) from March 2002 to December 2011 in 401 Hospital of PLA was performed. The relationship between injury time and menstrual cycle in female patients and warm-up before exercise was studied. The relationship between external environmental factors, biomechanical factors, internal factors, neuromuscular factors and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury was studied. Results: in terms of external environmental factors, non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury occurred in the plastic site with the largest friction coefficient in 101 cases (56.9%), followed by 39 cases (22.4%) in the grassland, 21 cases (21 cases) in the sand and mud, 12 cases in the sand, and 16 cases in the cement. The number of sports injuries in military training shoes with the largest friction coefficient during exercise was 125 cases, accounting for 70.6%, and 37 cases with sneakers in turn, accounting for 20.710%, 12 cases with cloth shoes and 12 cases with 6. 9% of them, 3 cases with leather shoes and 3 cases with leather shoes, accounted for 1.7%; and in biomechanics, Among the causes of injury, military training injury accounted for 39.6%, followed by basketball 37.9, football 10.3kung, volleyball 5.4am, down stairs 3.4m, dance 3.4cm, among all the injuries, 116 cases (65.5%) were knee bend, 30 cases (16.9%) were jumping to the ground, 21 cases (11.99%) were stopped, 10 cases were torsion of violence. In terms of internal factors, there were 116 cases (65.55%) with excessive body mass index (BMI) injury, and the rest (27 cases) in the healthy group (15.2 cases) (24 cases in the obese group, 13.5 cases in the control group, 10 cases in the light group). The proportion of female patients with endocrine factors occurred before ovulation, and 96. 5% of patients with neuromuscular factors did not perform systematic warm-up activities before exercise. The results suggest that neuromuscular regulation plays an important role in reducing non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Conclusion: the risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury include external environmental factors, internal factors, biomechanical factors and neuromuscular factors. The enhancement of neuromuscular regulation through systematic training is helpful to reduce the incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury and is the main research direction of preventing non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in the future.
【學位授予單位】：青島大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R686.5

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本文編號：1637414