云南“三塊”鼠疫自然疫源地野外鼠形動物及其寄生蚤季節(jié)消長分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-12 01:56
【摘要】：目的明確云南“三塊”鼠疫自然疫源地野外鼠形動物及其寄生蚤的分布和構(gòu)成以及季節(jié)消長規(guī)律,探討“三塊”鼠疫自然疫源地性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)及其特征,為有效預(yù)防和控制鼠疫的發(fā)生和流行提供針對性的綜合防控措施。方法1.研究對象:以梁河縣家鼠鼠疫疫源地、劍川縣野鼠鼠疫疫源地和玉龍縣野鼠鼠疫疫源地為調(diào)查區(qū)域,根據(jù)疫源地生態(tài)地理景觀條件在梁河縣疫源地和玉龍縣疫源地分別選取4個海拔梯度段,劍川縣疫源地選取3個海拔梯度段,每個海拔梯度段選擇2~3個研究樣點作為調(diào)查對象。2.鼠形動物取樣:每個研究樣點采用布夾法進(jìn)行野外捕鼠,春夏秋冬各一次,共計四次,選擇時間為3月、7月、10月和12月。使用花生作為誘餌。每個樣點布放不少于200個鼠夾,晨起收集捕獲的鼠形動物,帶回實驗室進(jìn)行分類、鑒定及計數(shù)。3.鼠形動物寄生蚤取樣:捕獲的鼠形動物帶回實驗室后用乙醚麻醉,置于白色方盤內(nèi)用梳檢法采集其體表寄生蚤,置于75%乙醇的微量離心管內(nèi)室溫保存,在顯微鏡下進(jìn)行分類、鑒定和計數(shù)。4.資料整理與分析:采用Excel 2010對資料進(jìn)行整理,計算捕獲密度、染蚤率、蚤指數(shù)等;使用Spearman相關(guān)系數(shù)(r)探索鼠密度與寄生蚤的關(guān)系;卡方(χ2)檢驗用于比較捕獲密度和染蚤率的差異;Fisher確切概率法用于比較鼠形動物鼠種和寄生蚤蚤種的構(gòu)成情況。結(jié)果1.梁河縣鼠疫疫源地調(diào)查區(qū)域內(nèi),共捕獲鼠形動物663只,隸屬于3目5科11屬16種,捕獲密度為7.97%;寄生蚤94匹,隸屬于4科5亞科8屬9種,染蚤率為8.30%,總蚤指數(shù)為0.14。其中黃胸鼠、斯氏家鼠和錫金小鼠為優(yōu)勢鼠種,構(gòu)成比分別為30.62%、18.40%和11.46%;近端遠(yuǎn)棒蚤二刺亞種、偏遠(yuǎn)古蚤和長形病蚤指名亞種為優(yōu)勢蚤種,構(gòu)成比分別為39.36%、28.72%和13.83%。鼠形動物捕獲數(shù)量和捕獲密度以秋季最高(219只,10.30%),夏季最低;寄生蚤獲蚤匹數(shù)、染蚤率和蚤指數(shù)以春季最高(33匹,17.69%,0.25),夏季最低。鼠形動物群落多樣性和均勻性指數(shù)隨季節(jié)變化呈下降趨勢,生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度呈上升趨勢;寄生蚤群落多樣性和豐富度指數(shù)隨季節(jié)呈不典型變化趨勢,均勻性指數(shù)呈單峰分布。2.劍川縣鼠疫疫源地調(diào)查區(qū)域內(nèi),共捕獲鼠形動物1069只,隸屬于3目5科11屬17種,捕獲密度為21.29%;寄生蚤618匹,隸屬于3科5亞科6屬9種,染蚤率為27.60%,總蚤指數(shù)為0.58。其中齊氏姬鼠、大絨鼠和中華姬鼠為優(yōu)勢鼠種,構(gòu)成比分別為45.74%、33.12%和11.60%;方葉櫛眼蚤和特新蚤指名亞種為優(yōu)勢蚤種,構(gòu)成比分別為46.93%和28.48%。鼠形動物捕獲數(shù)量和捕獲密度以秋季最高(283只,23.86%),夏季最低;寄生蚤獲蚤匹數(shù)、染蚤率和蚤指數(shù)以春季最高(260匹,45.14%,1.01),秋季最低。鼠形動物群落多樣性和豐富度指數(shù)隨季節(jié)變化呈單峰分布,均勻性指數(shù)和生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)隨季節(jié)呈不典型變化趨勢;寄生蚤群落多樣性和豐富度指數(shù)隨季節(jié)變化呈“V”型分布,均勻性指數(shù)隨季節(jié)變化呈上升趨勢,生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度呈下降趨勢。3.玉龍縣鼠疫疫源地調(diào)查區(qū)域內(nèi),共捕獲鼠形動物884只,隸屬于3目6科12屬19種,捕獲密度為17.98%;寄生蚤484匹,隸屬于3科6亞科7屬9種,染蚤率為24.77%,總蚤指數(shù)為0.55。其中齊氏姬鼠、中華姬鼠、大絨鼠和大耳姬鼠為優(yōu)勢鼠種,構(gòu)成比分別為34.95%、17.99%、16.06%和11.76%;特新蚤指名亞種、方葉櫛眼蚤、無值大錐蚤和云南櫛眼蚤為優(yōu)勢蚤種,構(gòu)成比分別為34.09%、25.41%、14.46%和12.19%。鼠形動物捕獲數(shù)量和捕獲密度以秋季最高(309只,23.37%),春季最低;寄生蚤獲蚤匹數(shù)、染蚤率和蚤指數(shù)以冬季最高(198匹,35.75%,1.03),秋季最低。鼠形動物群落多樣性和均勻性指數(shù)隨季節(jié)變化呈“V”型分布,生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)呈單峰分布;寄生蚤群落多樣性和均勻性指數(shù)隨季節(jié)變化呈上升趨勢,生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)呈下降趨勢,豐富度指數(shù)呈單峰分布。4.在梁河縣鼠疫疫源地調(diào)查的四個季節(jié)中,鼠密度和寄生蚤無顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.40,P=0.600);劍川縣鼠疫疫源地鼠密度和寄生蚤無顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.40,P=0.600);玉龍縣鼠疫疫源地鼠密度和寄生蚤無顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.80,P=0.200)�！叭龎K”鼠疫自然疫源地鼠形動物捕獲密度有差異(χ2=525.95,P=0.000);鼠形動物染蚤率有差異(χ2=96.73,P=0.000)。劍川縣與玉龍縣鼠疫疫源地鼠形動物鼠種及其寄生蚤蚤種構(gòu)成均不一致(P=0.0005)。結(jié)論1.梁河縣鼠疫疫源地野外鼠形動物優(yōu)勢種為黃胸鼠,寄生蚤優(yōu)勢種為近端遠(yuǎn)棒蚤二刺亞種,均于冬季分布優(yōu)勢明顯。2.劍川縣鼠疫疫源地野外鼠形動物優(yōu)勢種為齊氏姬鼠,于秋季分布優(yōu)勢明顯;寄生蚤優(yōu)勢種為方葉櫛眼蚤,于春季分布優(yōu)勢明顯。3.玉龍縣鼠疫疫源地野外鼠形動物優(yōu)勢種為齊氏姬鼠,寄生蚤優(yōu)勢種為特新蚤指名亞種,均于夏季分布優(yōu)勢明顯。4.鼠形動物及其寄生蚤群落多樣性、均勻性指數(shù)季節(jié)分布特征有集中趨勢,與疫源地鼠疫暴發(fā)流行的時間性密切關(guān)系,可考慮以其為鼠疫暴發(fā)流行的一個監(jiān)測預(yù)警指標(biāo)。5.綜合對比分析鼠形動物及其寄生蚤分布和構(gòu)成以及季節(jié)消長規(guī)律,玉龍縣鼠疫疫源地與劍川縣鼠疫疫源地極為相似。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the distribution and composition of the wild mouse-shaped animal and its parasitic fleas in three "plague natural foci" in Yunnan, and to explore the nature, structure and characteristics of three "plague natural foci". And provides a targeted comprehensive prevention and control measure for the effective prevention and control of the occurrence and the epidemic of the plague. Method 1. The results of the study were as follows: The plague foci of Yersinia pestis in Lianghe County, Yersinia pestis in Jianchuan County and the plague foci of the wild rats in Yulong County were the survey area, and four altitude gradient sections were selected in the epidemic area of Lianghe County and the epidemic area of Yulong County, respectively, according to the ecological and geographical landscape conditions of the source area. 3 altitude gradient sections are selected in the epidemic area of Jianchuan County, and 2-3 study samples are selected as the survey target for each altitude gradient section. Mouse-shaped animal sampling: each study sample uses the cloth-clamping method to carry out wild-type mouse-catching, spring and summer and winter each time, for a total of four times, and the selection time is March, July, October and December. A peanut is used as a bait. At each spot, no less than 200 mouse clamps were placed, and the captured mouse-shaped animals were collected in the morning, and the samples were taken back to the laboratory for classification, identification and counting. Sampling of the parasitic fleas of the rat-shaped animal: the captured rat-shaped animal was taken back to the laboratory and then was anesthetized with ether, and then placed in a white square disc, and collected by means of a comb-inspection method, and was stored at room temperature in a microcentrifuge tube of 75% ethanol, and was classified, identified and counted under a microscope. The relationship between the density of the rat and the parasitic fleas was calculated by using the Spearman correlation coefficient (r), and the chi-square (2) test was used to compare the difference of the capture density and the dyeing rate. Fisher's exact probability method is used to compare the composition of the species of the rat and the parasitic fleas. Results 1. In the investigation area of the plague foci in Lianghe County,663 animal-shaped animals were captured, belonging to 16 species of 3-order 5 families, the capture density was 7.97%, and 94 of the parasitic fleas, belonging to 8 genera of 4 families,8 genera and 9 species, the dye uptake rate was 8.30%, and the total flea index was 0.14. Among them, the ratio of the two species was 30.62%, 18.40% and 11.46%, respectively, and the composition ratio was 39.36%, 28.72% and 13.83%, respectively. The number and the capture density of the rat-shaped animal were the highest in the autumn (219, 10.30%) and the lowest in summer; the number of the flea in the parasitic fleas, the dyeing rate and the flea index were the highest in the spring (33, 17.69%, 0.25), and the lowest in summer. The diversity and evenness index of the rat-shaped animal community decreased with the change of the season, and the ecological dominance was on the rise. The diversity and richness index of the parasitic fleas varied with the season, and the uniformity index showed a unimodal distribution. There were 1069 mouse-shaped animals in the area of the plague foci in Jianchuan County, belonging to 17 species of 3 orders,11 genera and 17 species, and the capture density was 21.29%; the parasitic fleas 618, belonging to 6 genera of 3 families,6 genera and 9 species, the dye uptake rate was 27.60%, and the total flea index was 0.58. Among them, the species of the dominant species were 45.74%, 33.12% and 11.60%, respectively, and the ratio of the two species was 46.93% and 28.48%, respectively. The number and the capture density of the rat-shaped animal were the highest in the autumn (283, 23.86%), the lowest in the summer, the number of the fleas in the parasitic fleas, the highest in spring (260, 45.14%, 1.01), and the lowest in the autumn. The diversity and richness index of the rat-shaped animal community show a unimodal distribution with the change of the season, the uniformity index and the ecological dominance index show no typical change trend with the season, and the diversity and richness index of the parasitic fleas are in a "V"-type distribution with the change of the seasons, The uniformity index is on the rise with the change of the season, and the ecological dominance shows a downward trend. There were 884 rodent-shaped animals in Yulong County of Yulong County, belonging to 19 species of 3-order 6 families, the capture density was 17.98%, and 484 of the parasitic fleas, belonging to 7 genera of 3 families,7 genera and 9 species, the dye uptake rate was 24.77%, and the total flea index was 0.55. Among them, the dominant species of the species were 34.95%, 17.99%, 16.06% and 11.76%, respectively. The composition ratio was 34.09% and 25.41%, respectively. 14.46% and 12.19%. The number and the capture density of the rat-shaped animal were the highest in the autumn (309, 23.37%), the lowest in the spring, and the highest in winter (198, 35.75%, 1.03), and the lowest in autumn. The diversity and the evenness index of the rat-shaped animal community are in the "V"-type distribution with the seasonal variation, and the ecological dominance index is unimodal distribution; the diversity and the evenness index of the parasitic fleas are on the rise with the change of the seasons, and the ecological dominance index is in a downward trend, The richness index is unimodal. There was no significant correlation between the rat density and the parasitic fleas (r = 0.40, P = 0.600) in the four seasons of Yersinia pestis in Lianghe County (r = 0.40, P = 0.600). There was no significant correlation between the rat density and the parasitic flea in Yulong County (r =-0.80, P = 0.200). There was a difference in the capture density of three (2 = 525.95, P = 0.000), and there was a difference in the rate of the mouse-shaped animal (2 = 96.73, P = 0.000). There was no agreement between the species of the mouse-shaped animal and the species of the flea in the plague of Yulong County and Yulong County (P = 0.0005). Conclusion 1. The dominant species of the wild rat-shaped animals in the plague foci in Lianghe County are the yellow-pectus and the dominant species of the parasitic fleas are the two species of the near-end far-rod fleas, all of which are obvious in the winter distribution. The dominant species of the wild rat-shaped animals in the plague foci in Jianchuan County, which are the dominant species in the autumn, are the dominant species in the autumn, and the dominant species of the parasitic fleas are the fleas of the square leaf, and the advantages of the distribution in the spring are obvious. The dominant species of the wild rat-shaped animals in Yulong County, Yulong County, are the species of the species of the genus Chicki, and the dominant species of the parasitic fleas are the specific subspecies of the special new fleas, all of which are obvious in the summer distribution. The diversity of the rodent and its parasitic fleas, the seasonal distribution of the uniformity index has a central tendency, which is closely related to the epidemic of the plague in the epidemic area, and can be considered as a monitoring and early warning indicator for the epidemic of the plague. The distribution and composition of the rat-shaped animal and its parasitic fleas and the seasonal fluctuation of the plague were compared and analyzed, and the plague foci of Yulong County were very similar to the plague foci in Jianchuan County.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大理大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R516.8
本文編號：2497632
[Abstract]:Objective To study the distribution and composition of the wild mouse-shaped animal and its parasitic fleas in three "plague natural foci" in Yunnan, and to explore the nature, structure and characteristics of three "plague natural foci". And provides a targeted comprehensive prevention and control measure for the effective prevention and control of the occurrence and the epidemic of the plague. Method 1. The results of the study were as follows: The plague foci of Yersinia pestis in Lianghe County, Yersinia pestis in Jianchuan County and the plague foci of the wild rats in Yulong County were the survey area, and four altitude gradient sections were selected in the epidemic area of Lianghe County and the epidemic area of Yulong County, respectively, according to the ecological and geographical landscape conditions of the source area. 3 altitude gradient sections are selected in the epidemic area of Jianchuan County, and 2-3 study samples are selected as the survey target for each altitude gradient section. Mouse-shaped animal sampling: each study sample uses the cloth-clamping method to carry out wild-type mouse-catching, spring and summer and winter each time, for a total of four times, and the selection time is March, July, October and December. A peanut is used as a bait. At each spot, no less than 200 mouse clamps were placed, and the captured mouse-shaped animals were collected in the morning, and the samples were taken back to the laboratory for classification, identification and counting. Sampling of the parasitic fleas of the rat-shaped animal: the captured rat-shaped animal was taken back to the laboratory and then was anesthetized with ether, and then placed in a white square disc, and collected by means of a comb-inspection method, and was stored at room temperature in a microcentrifuge tube of 75% ethanol, and was classified, identified and counted under a microscope. The relationship between the density of the rat and the parasitic fleas was calculated by using the Spearman correlation coefficient (r), and the chi-square (2) test was used to compare the difference of the capture density and the dyeing rate. Fisher's exact probability method is used to compare the composition of the species of the rat and the parasitic fleas. Results 1. In the investigation area of the plague foci in Lianghe County,663 animal-shaped animals were captured, belonging to 16 species of 3-order 5 families, the capture density was 7.97%, and 94 of the parasitic fleas, belonging to 8 genera of 4 families,8 genera and 9 species, the dye uptake rate was 8.30%, and the total flea index was 0.14. Among them, the ratio of the two species was 30.62%, 18.40% and 11.46%, respectively, and the composition ratio was 39.36%, 28.72% and 13.83%, respectively. The number and the capture density of the rat-shaped animal were the highest in the autumn (219, 10.30%) and the lowest in summer; the number of the flea in the parasitic fleas, the dyeing rate and the flea index were the highest in the spring (33, 17.69%, 0.25), and the lowest in summer. The diversity and evenness index of the rat-shaped animal community decreased with the change of the season, and the ecological dominance was on the rise. The diversity and richness index of the parasitic fleas varied with the season, and the uniformity index showed a unimodal distribution. There were 1069 mouse-shaped animals in the area of the plague foci in Jianchuan County, belonging to 17 species of 3 orders,11 genera and 17 species, and the capture density was 21.29%; the parasitic fleas 618, belonging to 6 genera of 3 families,6 genera and 9 species, the dye uptake rate was 27.60%, and the total flea index was 0.58. Among them, the species of the dominant species were 45.74%, 33.12% and 11.60%, respectively, and the ratio of the two species was 46.93% and 28.48%, respectively. The number and the capture density of the rat-shaped animal were the highest in the autumn (283, 23.86%), the lowest in the summer, the number of the fleas in the parasitic fleas, the highest in spring (260, 45.14%, 1.01), and the lowest in the autumn. The diversity and richness index of the rat-shaped animal community show a unimodal distribution with the change of the season, the uniformity index and the ecological dominance index show no typical change trend with the season, and the diversity and richness index of the parasitic fleas are in a "V"-type distribution with the change of the seasons, The uniformity index is on the rise with the change of the season, and the ecological dominance shows a downward trend. There were 884 rodent-shaped animals in Yulong County of Yulong County, belonging to 19 species of 3-order 6 families, the capture density was 17.98%, and 484 of the parasitic fleas, belonging to 7 genera of 3 families,7 genera and 9 species, the dye uptake rate was 24.77%, and the total flea index was 0.55. Among them, the dominant species of the species were 34.95%, 17.99%, 16.06% and 11.76%, respectively. The composition ratio was 34.09% and 25.41%, respectively. 14.46% and 12.19%. The number and the capture density of the rat-shaped animal were the highest in the autumn (309, 23.37%), the lowest in the spring, and the highest in winter (198, 35.75%, 1.03), and the lowest in autumn. The diversity and the evenness index of the rat-shaped animal community are in the "V"-type distribution with the seasonal variation, and the ecological dominance index is unimodal distribution; the diversity and the evenness index of the parasitic fleas are on the rise with the change of the seasons, and the ecological dominance index is in a downward trend, The richness index is unimodal. There was no significant correlation between the rat density and the parasitic fleas (r = 0.40, P = 0.600) in the four seasons of Yersinia pestis in Lianghe County (r = 0.40, P = 0.600). There was no significant correlation between the rat density and the parasitic flea in Yulong County (r =-0.80, P = 0.200). There was a difference in the capture density of three (2 = 525.95, P = 0.000), and there was a difference in the rate of the mouse-shaped animal (2 = 96.73, P = 0.000). There was no agreement between the species of the mouse-shaped animal and the species of the flea in the plague of Yulong County and Yulong County (P = 0.0005). Conclusion 1. The dominant species of the wild rat-shaped animals in the plague foci in Lianghe County are the yellow-pectus and the dominant species of the parasitic fleas are the two species of the near-end far-rod fleas, all of which are obvious in the winter distribution. The dominant species of the wild rat-shaped animals in the plague foci in Jianchuan County, which are the dominant species in the autumn, are the dominant species in the autumn, and the dominant species of the parasitic fleas are the fleas of the square leaf, and the advantages of the distribution in the spring are obvious. The dominant species of the wild rat-shaped animals in Yulong County, Yulong County, are the species of the species of the genus Chicki, and the dominant species of the parasitic fleas are the specific subspecies of the special new fleas, all of which are obvious in the summer distribution. The diversity of the rodent and its parasitic fleas, the seasonal distribution of the uniformity index has a central tendency, which is closely related to the epidemic of the plague in the epidemic area, and can be considered as a monitoring and early warning indicator for the epidemic of the plague. The distribution and composition of the rat-shaped animal and its parasitic fleas and the seasonal fluctuation of the plague were compared and analyzed, and the plague foci of Yulong County were very similar to the plague foci in Jianchuan County.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大理大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R516.8
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