【摘要】：目的： 通過(guò)分析沈陽(yáng)市某醫(yī)院住院的231例麻疹病例臨床特征，為制定控制和消除麻疹措施提供依據(jù)。 方法： 收集2013年11月至2014年5月沈陽(yáng)市某醫(yī)院共收治的231例麻疹患者的病例資料，分別統(tǒng)計(jì)其發(fā)病年齡、疫苗接種情況、麻疹病人接觸史、臨床表現(xiàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查，分析其流行病學(xué)變化、臨床特征變化。 結(jié)果： 本次麻疹發(fā)病的年齡分布和以往不同，病人中成人病例所占比例較高，，其次為24個(gè)月以下的患兒，成人麻疹病例所占的比例高于兒童。麻疹患者中居前兩位的職業(yè)是無(wú)職業(yè)者和農(nóng)民，麻疹病人中有麻疹疫苗免疫史的病例較少。臨床表現(xiàn)中大多數(shù)病例都有麻疹的前驅(qū)期癥狀，除了發(fā)熱、咳嗽、口腔黏膜Koplik’s斑等典型癥狀外，還有大部分的麻疹病人在發(fā)病前驅(qū)期出現(xiàn)腹瀉癥狀，腹瀉比例明顯高于以往調(diào)查。兒童麻疹與成人麻疹前驅(qū)期癥狀流涕、頭痛、咽痛、扁桃體腫大、惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。麻疹并發(fā)癥方面情況，本次麻疹住院病例并發(fā)癥主要有喉炎、肺炎、中毒性肝炎，麻疹所引起的并發(fā)癥在兒童與成人的發(fā)生率的差異沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論： 本次麻疹病人中成人麻疹病例所占的比例明顯高于兒童。麻疹病人中有麻疹疫苗免疫史的病例較少，計(jì)劃免疫工作還存在一定的缺陷。臨床表現(xiàn)中大多數(shù)病例都有麻疹的前驅(qū)期癥狀，除了發(fā)熱、咳嗽、口腔黏膜Koplik’s斑等典型癥狀外，腹瀉比例明顯高于以往調(diào)查。并發(fā)癥主要有喉炎、肺炎、中毒性肝炎。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the clinical characteristics of 231 measles cases in a hospital in Shenyang. Methods: from November 2013 to May 2014, 231 patients with measles were collected from a hospital in Shenyang, and their age of onset, vaccination status, history of contact with measles patients, clinical manifestation and laboratory examination were analyzed. The changes of epidemiology and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: the age distribution of measles incidence was different from that in the past. The proportion of adult measles cases was higher than that of children under 24 months, and the proportion of adult measles cases was higher than that of children. The top two occupations among measles patients were unemployed and farmers, and fewer measles patients had a history of measles vaccination. In the clinical manifestations, most of the cases have the symptoms of measles, in addition to the typical symptoms such as fever, cough, oral mucosal Koplik's spots, and so on, most of the measles patients also have diarrhea symptoms during the pre-onset period. The incidence of diarrhea was significantly higher than that of previous surveys. There were significant differences in the incidence of runny, headache, pharynx, tonsillitis, nausea and vomiting between children and adults. The complications of measles are laryngitis, pneumonia, toxic hepatitis and measles. There is no significant difference between children and adults in the incidence of complications caused by measles. Conclusion: the proportion of adult measles cases is significantly higher than that of children. There are few cases with measles vaccination history among measles patients, and there are some defects in the planned immunization work. Most of the cases had the preclinical symptoms of measles, except fever, cough, oral mucosal Koplik's spot and other typical symptoms, diarrhea rate was significantly higher than the previous investigation. Complications include laryngitis, pneumonia and toxic hepatitis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R511.1

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