【摘要】：目的明確2006年～2009年我國土源性線蟲病的流行狀況。分析現(xiàn)階段影響土源性線蟲病發(fā)生與流行的影響因素,為衛(wèi)生部門采取有針對(duì)性的防控措施提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法1資料整理：收集整理2006年全國8個(gè)土源性線蟲病基線調(diào)查點(diǎn)、2006年～2009年22個(gè)土源性線蟲病監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的調(diào)查監(jiān)測(cè)資料,根據(jù)調(diào)查點(diǎn)的位置與數(shù)字地圖建立關(guān)聯(lián)。收集各基線調(diào)查點(diǎn)、監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)同期的氣象與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)資料,提取其變量值。2土源性線蟲病流行狀況分析：分別對(duì)8個(gè)基線調(diào)查點(diǎn)和22個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)土源性線蟲病的流行狀況進(jìn)行分析,分別報(bào)告土源性線蟲病的空間分布狀況、時(shí)間趨勢(shì)、人群分布狀況、感染度和土壤污染狀況。3土源性線蟲病相關(guān)影響因素分析：應(yīng)用基線調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)開展土源性線蟲病個(gè)體感染的相關(guān)因素分析,并結(jié)合試驗(yàn)區(qū)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)開展土源性線蟲病流行相關(guān)因素的分析。結(jié)果1土源性線蟲病的空間分布特征：2006年～2009年22個(gè)土源性線蟲病監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)共調(diào)查90957人,年均感染率為16.1%,其中蛔蟲、鞭蟲、鉤蟲的感染率分別是9.0%、5.9%、7.6%。云南省、江西省和貴州省三個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)土源性線蟲病的年均感染率最高,分別是56.5%、27.2%、24.2%。黑龍江省、北京市、山西省、河北省四個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)土源性線蟲病年均感染率最低,都接近0%。云南省勐�？h調(diào)查點(diǎn)蛔蟲病、鞭蟲病的感染率最高,分別是72.8%和59.8%。福建省襄城縣鉤蟲病的感染率最高,為36.9%。土源性線蟲病年均感染率總體上體現(xiàn)出南方高、北方低的特點(diǎn)。2土源性線蟲病個(gè)體感染相關(guān)因素：2006年8個(gè)土源性線蟲病基線調(diào)查點(diǎn)共調(diào)查22519人,土源性線蟲感染率為43.3%,其中蛔蟲感染率是16.8%,鞭蟲感染率是5.5%,鉤蟲感染率是21.1%�；紫x病和鞭蟲病的感染率在各年齡、性別、民族分組無顯著差異,而女性、老人、漢族人群的鉤蟲病感染率高。兒童和學(xué)生的鞭蟲病感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于農(nóng)民,農(nóng)民的鉤蟲病感染率較高。教育程度高的人群土源性線蟲病感染率低,文盲或半文盲人群鞭蟲病感染率高。飲用水水源為地面徑流水、如廁后不洗手、常常食用未清洗水果、經(jīng)常赤足是土源性線蟲個(gè)體感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升的危險(xiǎn)因素。3土源性線蟲病流行相關(guān)因素分析：土源性線蟲病試驗(yàn)區(qū)監(jiān)測(cè)資料的分析結(jié)果顯示廁所無害化處理程度高、年均收入高的地區(qū)蛔蟲平均感染率低,年均溫度越高、年均相對(duì)濕度越大、年日照總時(shí)數(shù)越多地區(qū)的人群蛔蟲感染的危險(xiǎn)性越大；鞭蟲感染率主要與當(dāng)?shù)氐娜司杖胗嘘P(guān),與氣象、海拔等因素?zé)o顯著相關(guān)性；鉤蟲病的感染率除了與當(dāng)?shù)氐钠骄鶞囟�、相�?duì)濕度具有顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系外,還與廁所的無害化改造顯著相關(guān)。另外,蛔蟲感染率與庭院土壤蛔蟲卵的污染率顯著相關(guān),與菜園、廚房土壤蛔蟲卵污染率未顯示顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)論1本次土源性線蟲感染率監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果與全國第一、二次人體重要寄生蟲調(diào)查結(jié)果相比較,呈現(xiàn)感染率總體下降的趨勢(shì)；其中蛔蟲感染率下降最明顯,與第二次調(diào)查相比下降了34.8%；鞭蟲感染率下降了3.6%：但是鉤蟲感染率比較上階段的調(diào)查上升了66.9%。距離我國重點(diǎn)寄生蟲防治規(guī)劃,到2015年底全國蠕蟲感染率下降60%以上目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)還有一定距離。2土源性線蟲病各病種的分布存在顯著的空間異質(zhì)性,總體來所,我國南方溫度、年均相對(duì)濕度較高、經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)是今后上源性線蟲病防制的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域。地面徑流水作為飲用水源、如廁后不洗手、食用未經(jīng)清洗的水果、經(jīng)常赤足外出等是土源性線蟲個(gè)體感染的主要的危險(xiǎn)因素。土源性線蟲病的綜合防治措施需繼續(xù)推行,除開展農(nóng)村的安全供水、改善衛(wèi)生環(huán)境、有選擇性的集體驅(qū)蟲和健康教育外,還需加強(qiáng)高流行區(qū)廁所的無害化處理和庭院土壤土源性線蟲蟲卵的監(jiān)測(cè)。圖10幅,表14個(gè),參考文獻(xiàn)33篇
[Abstract]:Objective to clarify the epidemic situation of native nematode disease in 2006 to 2009. Analyze the influencing factors on the occurrence and epidemic of soil borne nematode in the present stage, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures taken by the health department. Method 1 data collation: collecting and sorting out the baseline survey point of 8 soil nematode disease in 2006, 2006 The monitoring data of 22 geonematonematode disease monitoring sites in 2009 were used to establish a correlation between the location of the survey points and the digital map, collect the baseline survey points, monitor the meteorological and socioeconomic data at the same period, and extract the variable values of.2 geonematonematode epidemic analysis: 8 baseline survey points and 22 monitoring sites. Analysis of the epidemic situation of sexual nematode disease, report on the spatial distribution of soil nematode disease, time trend, population distribution, infection and soil pollution status of.3 soil borne nematode: analysis of related factors of individual infection of soil source nematode by using baseline survey data and combined test Analysis of the related factors of soil borne nematode epidemic. Results 1 the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nematode disease: from 2006 to 2009, 22 soil derived nematode diseases were investigated in 90957 people, with an average annual infection rate of 16.1%, of which the infection rates of Ascaris, flagellate, and hookworm were 9%, 5.9%, 7.6%. Yunnan, Jiangxi and Guizhou. The annual average infection rate of soil source nematode in three monitoring sites was the highest, which was 56.5%, 27.2%, 24.2%. Heilongjiang, Beijing, Shanxi, Hebei Province, four monitoring points with the lowest average annual rate of soil borne nematode infection, which were close to the Beijing Yunnan Menghai county survey point ascariasis, the highest rate of flagellosis, 72.8% and 59.8%. Fujian Province, respectively. The infection rate of hookworm disease in city county was the highest. The annual average infection rate of 36.9%. soil nematode disease was high in the South and low in the north. The related factors of individual infection of.2 soil derived nematode disease were: in 2006, 22519 people were investigated at the baseline survey point of 8 soil nematode disease. The infection rate of soil source nematode was 43.3%, of which the infection rate of Ascaris was 16.8%, whip was whip. The infection rate of the insect is 5.5%. The infection rate of the hookworm infection is 21.1%. ascariasis and flagellate. There is no significant difference in age, sex and ethnic group. The infection rate of hookworm disease in women, the elderly and the Han population is high. The risk of flagellate infection in children and students is higher than that of farmers, and the rate of hookworm infection is higher in the farmers. The infection rate of nematode disease is low, the infection rate of flagellate disease in illiterate or half text blind people is high. The water source of drinking water is water on the ground, without washing hands after toilet, often eating unwashed fruit, frequent barefoot is a risk factor for the increase of individual infection risk of soil borne nematode,.3 geonematic nematode epidemic factor analysis: soil nematode disease test area monitoring The results of the data analysis show that the harmless treatment of the toilet is high, the average infection rate of Ascaris Ascaris is low in the area with high annual income, the higher the annual average temperature, the greater the annual relative humidity, the greater the risk of Ascaris infection in the more areas with the total annual sunshine, the rate of flagellate infection is mainly related to the local per capita income, and the weather, elevation and so on. The infection rate of hookworm disease has significant correlation with the local average temperature and relative humidity, and is significantly related to the harmless transformation of the toilet. In addition, the infection rate of Ascaris Ascaris is significantly related to the contamination rate of Ascaris Ascaris eggs in garden soil, and there is no significant difference with the rate of egg pollution in the kitchen and kitchen soil Ascaris Ascaris. Conclusion 1 the monitoring results of soil nematode infection rate compared with the survey results of the first, second important human parasites in the country showed a trend of overall decline in infection rate; the infection rate of Ascaris Ascaris decreased by 34.8% compared with the second survey, and the rate of flagellate infection decreased by 3.6%, but the rate of hookworm infection was compared. The investigation of the upper stage increased 66.9%. distance from the key parasite prevention and control program in China. By the end of 2015, the national worm infection rate decreased by more than 60%, and there was a certain distance from the distribution of.2 soil borne nematode disease. The area is the key area for the prevention and control of upper source nematode in the future. Ground water as a drinking water source, without washing hands after toilet, eating unwashed fruits, frequent barefoot out and so on are the main risk factors for individual infection of soil borne nematodes. In the environment of good health, selective collective insect repelling and health education, the innocuous treatment of toilets in the high epidemic areas and the monitoring of the eggs of soil borne nematode worms in the courtyard are also needed. Figure 10, 14 tables and 33 references
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R532.1

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