本文選題：鄱陽湖 + 文獻計量學　； 參考：《中國疾病預防控制中心》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄱陽湖是我國第一大淡水湖。關于鄱陽湖的研究歷來受到各學科、各領域研究人員的重視,其中關于血吸蟲、血吸蟲病及釘螺的研究就是最重要的研究主題之一。隨著以控制傳染源為主的血吸蟲病綜合性防治策略的實施,湖區(qū)的血吸蟲病防治已取得顯著成績。但也存在一些問題,主要表現(xiàn)在,該區(qū)域的血吸蟲病傳染源流動性強,自然環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境表現(xiàn)形式復雜等,防控任務十分艱巨。如何更有效地采取措施對血吸蟲病傳播鏈條進行干預,特別是有針對性地識別血吸蟲感染的“高風險環(huán)境”,評價人群、家畜活動的“高風險行為”及釘螺的孳生、繁殖規(guī)律,繼而采取更為有效的干預和制定因地制宜的防治措施,成為血吸蟲病防治及科研中亟待解決的重要課題。 本研究從文獻計量學及科學知識圖譜角度,對關于鄱陽湖相關領域的研究,特別是血吸蟲、血吸蟲病及釘螺相關研究進行情報學分析,探索研究前沿、熱點；基于此,結合空間信息技術及方法,通過陽性釘螺及牛糞探索識別血吸蟲感染“高風險環(huán)境”,并對相關因素,如人群和家畜與高風險區(qū)域產(chǎn)生交互作用的環(huán)境和社會行為活動及高風險區(qū)域內(nèi)水位對釘螺孳生的影響進行分析。為鄱陽湖區(qū)血吸蟲病及釘螺防控提供科學借鑒及參考。整體研究分為以下四個部分： 第一部分基于科學計量及信息可視化的鄱陽湖相關領域研究分析 通過文獻計量學及信息可視化圖譜對鄱陽湖相關研究領域進行歸納總結,發(fā)現(xiàn)該領域圍繞血吸蟲、血吸蟲病及釘螺；水資源、環(huán)境及氣候；洪災及其影響等7類主題展開研究,近年發(fā)文量增長迅速。其中最主要的研究主題是血吸蟲、血吸蟲病及釘螺(在引用次數(shù)10的高被引文獻中占46%),但發(fā)文量隨時間呈波動趨勢。對探測到的16個鄱陽湖區(qū)血吸蟲、血吸蟲病及釘螺相關研究領域的主題繪制出戰(zhàn)略坐標圖,找到該領域研究的研究前沿及熱點,其中新穎度和關注度最高的是血吸蟲病綜合性防治策略。依據(jù)與血吸蟲、血吸蟲病及釘螺相關研究領域的前沿、熱點及可能研究方向,為以下三部分研究的進行提供了理論及相關技術的文獻支撐。 第二部分沿鄱陽湖6縣血吸蟲病疫情電子地圖的建立 本部分研究借助地理信息系統(tǒng)等空間信息技術及Google Earth等平臺,通過繪制鄱陽湖區(qū)沿湖南昌、新建、都昌、鄱陽、余干以及星子等6縣血吸蟲病疫情分布電子地圖以及釘螺分布洲灘圖,對疫情進行簡要分析,并對疫情、螺情信息進行可視化表達。為第三部分研究需要運用到的地理信息系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫及電子化地圖奠定基礎。 第三部分鄱陽湖區(qū)人群、家畜血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域的識別 本部分通過收集2010年沿鄱陽湖6縣的陽性釘螺及陽性野糞信息,以及人畜疫情數(shù)據(jù),結合第二部分建立的空間數(shù)據(jù)庫及電子地圖,通過空間分析方法對該區(qū)域的人群、家畜血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域進行識別。綜合分析識別的血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域以及人群、家畜活動頻繁洲灘信息,最終得到需要重點控制的血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域。結果共得到182個高風險區(qū)域洲灘。結合這些重點血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域的人群感染情況進行驗證；結果顯示：除都昌縣以外,其余5縣探測到的高風險區(qū)域的人感染水平均高于該縣的平均水平(P0.01),但在每個行政村的表現(xiàn)結果比較復雜。 本部分研究結果提示,借助空間信息技術及方法,綜合分析釘螺及野糞的疫情資料及人畜接觸洲灘的行為,能有效探索識別人群和家畜血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域,為血吸蟲病及釘螺防控提供理論依據(jù)。 第四部分血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域內(nèi)相關因素研究 識別高風險區(qū)域的目的即為了控制孳生于這些區(qū)域的釘螺,以及預防人群、家畜在高風險區(qū)域內(nèi)接觸疫水等高風險行為,進而控制以及阻斷血吸蟲病的傳播。本部分研究以都昌縣沿鄱陽湖的有螺洲灘及棠蔭水文站不同年份(2004-2009年)每月的水位為研究材料,探討水位變化對釘螺孳生的影響。結果顯示,在大尺度縣域水平,活螺密度、感染螺密度與查螺前1月、查螺前2月及前1個枯水期的水位呈正相關；活螺密度與查螺當月水位呈負相關；有螺面積比和釘螺感染率和前1個豐水期水位成正相關。在小尺度行政村水平,因每個村每年查螺的洲灘不同,表現(xiàn)比較復雜。研究結果提示,水位對釘螺孳生的影響在不同時間、不同地理環(huán)境有所不同,所以在制定螺情控制的策略措施中,應該綜合考慮多種因素。 本研究初步分析了血吸蟲感染高風險區(qū)域的環(huán)境及人群、家畜社會行為活動,結果提示該區(qū)域的活動人群主要通過放牧、洗手等方式接觸疫水；他們對牛在血吸蟲病傳播中的作用缺乏認識,導致“封洲禁牧”等措施的實施阻力較大。
[Abstract]:Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. Research on Poyang Lake has always been attached to various subjects and researchers in various fields. Research on schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis and Oncomelania is one of the most important research topics. With the implementation of comprehensive control strategy for schistosomiasis controlled by infectious sources, Schistosoma japonicum in the lake area Significant achievements have been made in the prevention and control of disease. However, there are also some problems, which are mainly manifested in the strong mobility of the source of schistosomiasis in the region, the complexity of the natural environment and the social environment, and the arduous prevention and control task. The "high risk environment" of insect infection, the evaluation of the population, the high risk behavior of livestock activities, the breeding of Oncomelania snails, the breeding rules, and the more effective intervention and the formulation of measures to prevent and control the local conditions, have become an important subject in the prevention and research of schistosomiasis and scientific research.
From the perspective of bibliometrics and scientific knowledge map, the research on related fields in Poyang Lake, especially schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis and Oncomelania hupensis, was analyzed to explore the frontiers and hot spots. Based on this, the identification of schistosomiasis infection through the exploration of positive Oncomelania and cow dung combined with spatial information technology and methods. High risk environment, and analysis of the related factors, such as the interaction environment and social behavior of people and domestic animals and high risk areas, and the effects of water level on the breeding of Oncomelania snails in high risk areas, and provide scientific reference and reference for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania snails in Poyang Lake district. The overall study is divided into four parts:
The first part is the research and analysis of Poyang Lake's related fields based on Scientific Metrology and information visualization.
Through bibliometrics and information visualization Atlas of the related fields in Poyang Lake, it is found that the field is focused on 7 topics, such as Schistosoma, schistosomiasis and oncomelania, water resources, environment and climate, flood and its influence. The most important research topic is Schistosoma and blood sucking in recent years. Insect disease and Oncomelania snails (46% of the high cited number of cited times 10), but the amount of service is fluctuating with time. A strategic coordinate map is drawn for the topics related to the study of 16 Poyang Lake Schistosoma, schistosomiasis and oncomelania, and the research frontiers and hot spots are found in this field, with the highest degree of novelty and attention. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy of schistosomiasis is based on the frontiers, hot spots and possible research directions related to Schistosoma, schistosomiasis and oncomelania, and provides the literature support for the following three parts.
The second part is the establishment of an electronic map of schistosomiasis outbreaks along 6 counties in Poyang Lake.
In this part, by using geographic information system and Google Earth and other platforms, the distribution of electronic maps of schistosomiasis in 6 counties along the lake, Nanchang, Duchang, Poyang, Yugan and Xingzi, Poyang Lake District, as well as the distribution of Oncomelania and Oncomelania marshland, are plotted, and the epidemic situation is analyzed, and the information of the epidemic situation and the snails are visible. For the third part, we need to study the GIS database and electronic map to lay the foundation.
The third part is the identification of high risk areas of Schistosoma japonicum infection in Poyang Lake population.
In this part, by collecting the information of positive Oncomelania and positive wild manure along the 6 counties of Poyang Lake in 2010, and the data of human animal epidemic, combined with the spatial database and electronic map established in the second parts, the high risk area of domestic animal schistosomiasis infection was identified by the spatial analysis method. The risk areas and the population, the frequent beaches of livestock activities, and eventually a high risk area for the key control of schistosomiasis infection. The result was 182 high risk area beaches, which were verified by the population infection in the high-risk areas of these key Schistosoma infections; the results showed that the other 5 counties, except Duchang County, were detected. The level of human infection in high-risk areas was higher than that in the county (P0.01), but the results in each administrative village were rather complicated.
The results of this study suggest that, with the help of spatial information technology and methods, the comprehensive analysis of the epidemic data of Oncomelania and wild manure and the behavior of human and animal contact with the marshland can effectively explore the high-risk areas for the identification of the population and domestic animal Schistosoma, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania.
The fourth part is related factors of schistosome infection in high-risk areas.
The purpose of identifying high risk areas is to control the Oncomelania Snail breeding in these areas, and to prevent the high risk behavior of the population, the livestock in high risk areas, and then control and block the spread of schistosomiasis. This part studies the different years (2004-2009 years) of the snail and Tong Yin hydrological stations along Poyang Lake in Duchang county. The effect of the water level on the breeding of Oncomelania hupensis was discussed in the monthly water level. The results showed that the density of living snail and the density of the infected snails were positively correlated with the water level of the 1 dry periods before and in February before the snails in the large scale county level; the density of the living snail was negatively correlated with the water position of the snails in the month of the snails; the ratio of snail area and the infection rate of snails and Oncomelania snails were related. The level of the first 1 high water periods has a positive correlation. In the small scale administrative village level, the performance of the snail beach in each village is different. The results suggest that the influence of water level on the breeding of Oncomelania snails is different in different time and in different geographical environment. Therefore, in the strategy and measures of setting the control of the snails, a variety of factors should be taken into consideration.
This study preliminarily analyzed the environment and population of the high risk area of schistosomiasis and the social behavior of domestic animals. The results suggest that the active people in the region contact the epidemic water mainly through grazing and hand washing, and they lack knowledge of the role of cattle in the transmission of schistosomiasis, which leads to the greater resistance to the implementation of the "ban on the continent".

【學位授予單位】：中國疾病預防控制中心
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R532.21

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