發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-11 16:14

  本文選題：麻疹 + 發(fā)病率　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的 分析2005-2012年許昌市魏都區(qū)麻疹的流行特征并對(duì)免疫接種情況進(jìn)行效果評(píng)價(jià),提高對(duì)許昌市魏都區(qū)麻疹流行現(xiàn)狀的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握近年來(lái)本地區(qū)麻疹發(fā)病的流行特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律,為進(jìn)一步控制本地區(qū)麻疹流行及消除麻疹提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法 收集2005-2012年許昌市魏都區(qū)麻疹發(fā)病病例及麻疹疫苗接種資料,使用描述性流行病學(xué)方法對(duì)本地區(qū)麻疹病例的三間分布特征進(jìn)行分析,包括時(shí)間分布、地區(qū)分布和人群分布；采用容量比例概率抽樣法進(jìn)行抽樣調(diào)查,按不同年齡組抽取480名兒童；工具軟件采用Exce12003和SPSS12.0,采用x2檢驗(yàn)對(duì)480名兒童的免疫接種率和麻疹發(fā)病率進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。 結(jié)果 1.許昌市魏都區(qū)2005-2012年麻疹發(fā)病呈現(xiàn)明顯的季節(jié)性,高發(fā)季節(jié)為春夏季,其中病例以夏季為最多。流行強(qiáng)度為散發(fā)和暴發(fā)同時(shí)存在。 2.麻疹發(fā)病在年齡構(gòu)成上,周歲內(nèi)兒童的麻疹病例構(gòu)成比有上升趨勢(shì)(從2005年41.5%上升至2012年的75%)。在2005-2012年期間,周歲內(nèi)兒童罹患麻疹的機(jī)會(huì)逐年升高。 3.麻疹病例中無(wú)免疫史病例所占構(gòu)成比較大(2005-2012年間每年均＞80%)。 4.免疫效果工作評(píng)價(jià)顯示外地戶籍和暫住人群中兒童的免疫建卡率和合格接種率均低于本地戶籍和常住戶籍(P＜0.05)；免疫學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示散居兒童和外地戶籍麻疹抗體陽(yáng)性率和保護(hù)率均低于幼托和本地戶籍兒童(P＜0.05)。 5.許昌市魏都區(qū)2005-2012年麻疹發(fā)病率呈現(xiàn)總體下降趨勢(shì),2012年麻疹發(fā)病率達(dá)到歷史最低,為0.90/10萬(wàn),高于當(dāng)年全國(guó)麻疹發(fā)病率0.30/10萬(wàn),疫情得到了有效控制,本地區(qū)近年來(lái)麻疹免疫效果顯著,但與全國(guó)制定的2012年消除麻疹的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)仍有一定差距。 結(jié)論 1.2005-2012年,許昌市魏都區(qū)麻疹流行特點(diǎn)為春夏季高發(fā),發(fā)病呈下降趨勢(shì),麻疹免疫效果取得了顯著成效,因此預(yù)防接種仍是控制和消除麻疹的基本免疫策略。但2012年本地區(qū)仍有麻疹病例發(fā)生,麻疹防控措施需要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)和落實(shí)。 2.流動(dòng)人群是本地區(qū)麻疹防控的重點(diǎn)人群,因此加強(qiáng)對(duì)流動(dòng)人口的監(jiān)控管理和接種服務(wù)是控制麻疹發(fā)生的根本措施。同時(shí)要大力開(kāi)展麻疹防控和預(yù)防接種知識(shí)的宣傳教育,提高本地區(qū)居民對(duì)實(shí)施麻疹免疫規(guī)劃的認(rèn)識(shí),促進(jìn)全人群自覺(jué)接受和參與到麻疹疫苗的預(yù)防接種中來(lái),增強(qiáng)居民的麻疹免疫力,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)本地區(qū)控制和消除麻疹的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:PurposeThe epidemic characteristics of measles in Weidu District of Xuchang City from 2005 to 2012 were analyzed, the effect of immunization was evaluated, the current situation of measles epidemic in Weidu District of Xuchang City was improved, and the epidemic characteristics and regularity of measles incidence in this area were grasped in recent years.To provide scientific basis for further control of measles epidemic and elimination of measles in this area.MethodThe data of measles incidence and measles vaccination in Weidu District of Xuchang City from 2005 to 2012 were collected, and the three distribution characteristics of measles cases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method, including time distribution, regional distribution and population distribution.The capacity proportional probability sampling method was used to sample 480 children according to different age groups, and the tool software Exce12003 and SPSS 12.0 were used to analyze the immunization coverage rate and measles incidence rate of 480 children by means of x2 test, and the test level was 偽 0.05.Result1.The incidence of measles in Weidu District of Xuchang City from 2005 to 2012 showed obvious seasonality, and the high incidence season was spring and summer, in which the most cases were in summer.The epidemic intensity is both sporadic and outbreak.2.Measles incidence in age composition, the proportion of children within the age of measles cases has an upward trend (from 41.5% in 2005 to 75% in 2012).During the period 2005-2012, children's risk of measles increased year by year.3.The proportion of measles cases with no history of immunization was more than 80 per year from 2005 to 2012.4.The sex rate and the protection rate were lower than those of the young and local registered children (P < 0.05).5.The incidence of measles in the Weidu District of Xuchang City showed an overall downward trend from 2005 to 2012. The measles incidence rate reached a historical low of 0.90 / 100,000 in 2012, which is higher than the national measles incidence rate of 0.30 / 100,000 in that year. The epidemic situation has been effectively controlled.The effect of measles immunization in this area is remarkable in recent years, but there is still a certain gap with the standard of measles elimination formulated by the whole country in 2012.Conclusion1. From 2005 to 2012, the epidemic characteristics of measles in Weidu District of Xuchang City were high in spring and summer, the incidence of measles decreased, and the effect of measles immunization achieved remarkable results. Therefore, vaccination is still the basic immunization strategy to control and eliminate measles.However, there are still measles cases in the region in 2012, measles prevention and control measures need to be further strengthened and implemented.2.The floating population is the key population of measles prevention and control in this area, so strengthening the monitoring and management of the floating population and inoculation service is the basic measure to control the occurrence of measles.At the same time, it is necessary to vigorously carry out publicity and education on measles prevention and control and vaccination knowledge, to raise the awareness of local residents on the implementation of measles immunization programs, and to promote the voluntary acceptance and participation of the whole population in measles vaccination.To enhance the immunity of residents to measles and gradually achieve the goal of controlling and eliminating measles in the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R511.1

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