發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-07 13:25

  本文選題：舍伍德·安德森 + 《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》　； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：舍伍德·安德森的《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》以充滿感情的筆觸描述了十九世紀(jì)后期美國中西部小鎮(zhèn)的生活風(fēng)貌。小鎮(zhèn)上的居民飽受清教道德規(guī)范和資本主義價(jià)值觀的雙重壓迫,他們疏于交際,思想和行為十分古怪,他們與自身和小鎮(zhèn)上其他居民的關(guān)系發(fā)生了異化。安德森通過描寫這些怪人的外貌和拙于交際來表現(xiàn)他們精神上的異化,在那個(gè)日益冷漠的社會(huì)里,個(gè)人的內(nèi)心充滿矛盾。在《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中,困擾個(gè)人的一個(gè)核心問題就是他們的本能沖動(dòng)與他們的價(jià)值觀念之間的沖突。他們內(nèi)心希望采取行動(dòng)克服異化,但他們的能力和欲望都受到了壓制。 本文采用存在主義哲學(xué)家薩特、弗洛姆和塞曼的觀點(diǎn)解析《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中的異化現(xiàn)象。薩特強(qiáng)調(diào)人的主觀意識(shí)在人的異化過程中的作用。他認(rèn)為,人的痛苦源自他意識(shí)到自己在受折磨。他還指出,人害怕面對“他者”。人在面對“他者”時(shí)會(huì)感到自己是異類,無法找到歸屬感和安全感。薩特還指出人會(huì)被迫接受錯(cuò)誤的價(jià)值觀念,導(dǎo)致自身異化,他把這種行為定義為“不誠”(bad faith)。本文試圖應(yīng)用薩特的異化理論分析《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中人物異化的根源。 埃里�！じチ_姆在分析人的異化原因時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)缺乏歸屬感是導(dǎo)致人異化的重要因素。他認(rèn)為人需要?dú)w屬感,渴望被他人接受,被他人需要,為了找到這種歸屬感,人不得不背棄本我,遵從被社會(huì)普遍接受的價(jià)值觀念和道德規(guī)范,而這種屈從最終導(dǎo)致了人的異化。 梅爾文·塞曼借鑒了馬克思和埃米爾·迪爾凱姆的異化理論,提出異化的“五維度”：權(quán)力缺乏、意義喪失、規(guī)范缺失、社會(huì)隔離、自我疏遠(yuǎn)。異化的這五個(gè)方面在《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中均有所體現(xiàn),本文也要借鑒塞曼的觀點(diǎn)來分析《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中人物的異化。 本文結(jié)合存在主義哲學(xué)家的異化理論和安德森對當(dāng)時(shí)文化的理解,探究導(dǎo)致小鎮(zhèn)居民異化的根源。造成小鎮(zhèn)居民異化的罪魁禍?zhǔn)资枪I(yè)化和清教主義。受資本主義金錢至上價(jià)值觀的影響,小鎮(zhèn)居民盲目追求物質(zhì)財(cái)富,人與人之間的關(guān)系變得冷漠,愛的喪失是導(dǎo)致他們異化的根本原因。在高度發(fā)達(dá)的機(jī)器工業(yè)面前,小鎮(zhèn)居民感覺自己微不足道,無力掌握自己的命運(yùn),對自身價(jià)值的否認(rèn)和無能感也導(dǎo)致了他們的異化。在多重價(jià)值觀的沖擊下,小鎮(zhèn)居民信仰的動(dòng)搖以及面對他者時(shí)的困惑與恐懼也是導(dǎo)致他們異化的主要因素。他們拙于辭令,生性懦弱,不敢把自己的想法告訴他人,這也阻礙了他們之間的相互理解。他們無法在自己的本能欲望與信仰之間找到平衡,在新時(shí)代中找不到生命的意義,從而產(chǎn)生失落感,這些都是導(dǎo)致他們異化的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson describes the life of the Midwestern towns in the late nineteenth century in emotional style. The inhabitants of the town suffered from the double oppression of puritanical ethics and capitalist values, their lack of communication, their peculiar thinking and behaviour, and their dissimilation in their relations with themselves and the rest of the town. Anderson expresses these strange people's mental alienation by describing their appearance and being unsociable. In that increasingly apathetic society, the individual's heart is full of contradictions. One of the central issues that haunts individuals in the small Town Terror is the conflict between their instinctive impulses and their values. They wanted to act to overcome alienation, but their abilities and desires were suppressed. In this paper, the existentialist philosophers Sartre, Fromm and Zeeman are used to analyze the alienation phenomenon in the small town teratons. Sartre emphasizes the role of human subjective consciousness in the process of human alienation. He believes that human suffering stems from the realization that he is suffering. He also pointed out that people are afraid to face the other. People in the face of the "other" will feel that they are different, unable to find a sense of belonging and security. Sartre also points out that people are forced to accept wrong values, leading to alienation, which he defines as "dishonest" bad faithins. This paper attempts to use Sartre's alienation theory to analyze the root causes of alienation. Erich 路From emphasizes that the lack of sense of belonging is an important factor leading to alienation. He believes that people need a sense of belonging, a desire to be accepted by others, and a desire to be needed by others. In order to find this sense of belonging, one has to abandon one's identity and follow the values and ethics that are generally accepted by society. And this subservience eventually leads to the alienation of human beings. Melvin Salman draws lessons from Marx's and Emile Dilkem's theory of alienation, and puts forward five dimensions of alienation: lack of power, loss of meaning, lack of norms, social segregation and self-alienation. These five aspects of alienation are reflected in the "small town malformation", and this paper also uses Zeeman's viewpoint to analyze the alienation of the characters in "small town malformation". Based on existentialist philosophers' alienation theory and Anderson's understanding of the culture of the time, this paper explores the root causes of the alienation of the townspeople. The main culprits for dissimilation were industrialization and Puritanism. Under the influence of capitalist money supreme values, the people of small towns blindly pursue material wealth, the relationship between people becomes indifferent, and the loss of love is the fundamental cause of their alienation. In the face of the highly developed machine industry, the townspeople feel that they are insignificant, unable to control their own destiny, and the denial and incompetence of their own value also lead to their alienation. Under the impact of multiple values, the vacillation of faith and confusion and fear in the face of others are also the main factors leading to their alienation. They are weak in rhetoric, cowardly in nature and afraid to tell others what they think, which also hinders their mutual understanding. They are unable to find a balance between their instinctive desire and their beliefs, and can not find the meaning of life in the new era, thus producing a sense of loss, which is an important factor leading to their alienation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.074

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 穆楊;;安德森《手》的符號界解讀[J];外國文學(xué);2007年02期

2 陳榕;突破語言之柵──評舍伍德·安德森的《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》[J];四川外語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1999年02期

3 張強(qiáng);舍伍德·安德森研究綜論[J];外國文學(xué)研究;2003年01期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 李曉云;美國社會(huì)變更時(shí)期的“畸人”——論舍伍德·安德森的《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》[D];四川師范大學(xué);2002年

2 楊秀麗;論《俄亥俄州溫斯堡》中的“畸形”人物[D];南京師范大學(xué);2007年

3 王敏;從創(chuàng)傷理論淺析《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》[D];西南大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1991326