發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-19 18:41

  本文選題：葉芝 + 詩(shī)歌風(fēng)格�。� 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：葉芝是二十世紀(jì)一位公認(rèn)的舉世聞名的現(xiàn)代詩(shī)人，也是英語(yǔ)文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)里程碑，更是整個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭的驕傲，在詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作史上一直獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，享負(fù)盛名。葉芝一生不懈追求自己詩(shī)藝的革新——從早期的唯美、浪漫主義到中期的理性、現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，再到后期的成熟、睿智，積極吸納繼承各種有益的文學(xué)思想與藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，在不斷的超越中前行，在每個(gè)時(shí)期及諸多文學(xué)領(lǐng)域都取得了巨大成就。迄今為止，國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)葉芝本人及其詩(shī)歌的研究一直是一個(gè)非常熱門的領(lǐng)域。同時(shí),人們對(duì)葉芝的個(gè)人生活、社會(huì)角色及其作品的表現(xiàn)手法、風(fēng)格轉(zhuǎn)變都頗有爭(zhēng)議。葉芝一生幾多風(fēng)雨幾多坎坷,經(jīng)歷過(guò)愛(ài)情的悲痛、文學(xué)上的光榮、政治上的幻滅與覺(jué)醒,這些人生體驗(yàn)在不斷地激發(fā)詩(shī)人創(chuàng)作欲望的同時(shí)又潛移默化地影響著詩(shī)人的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。本論文采用新批評(píng)“細(xì)讀法”與馬克思?xì)v史唯物主義研究方法，以仔細(xì)研究葉芝的詩(shī)歌為基礎(chǔ)，從個(gè)人經(jīng)歷與社會(huì)變革對(duì)創(chuàng)作所產(chǎn)生影響的角度,分析葉芝詩(shī)歌生涯由浪漫唯美到理性現(xiàn)實(shí)再到成熟睿智的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程，并對(duì)影響其轉(zhuǎn)變的個(gè)人、家庭及社會(huì)原因進(jìn)行了探究。 本論文一共分為“引言”、“正文”、“結(jié)論”三大部分。引言部分首先介紹了葉芝的生平及其文學(xué)成就，生平介紹中主要包括葉芝的家庭背景、情感生活及政治活動(dòng)，重點(diǎn)介紹了葉芝的早期成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。眾所周知，一個(gè)人童年的生活經(jīng)歷總是會(huì)影響其人生觀及其早期創(chuàng)作。其次，作者在綜述迄今為止國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)葉芝研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出了作者的論文主題及觀點(diǎn)；引言同時(shí)還對(duì)本論文的基本論點(diǎn)、研究意義、研究方法及創(chuàng)新之處進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹。 論文的正文部分分為三章。圍繞葉芝詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程展開(kāi)。人的本質(zhì)屬性也是其社會(huì)屬性。個(gè)人經(jīng)歷與社會(huì)活動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)詩(shī)人的創(chuàng)作思想產(chǎn)生很大影響，而一個(gè)人對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)也決定著社會(huì)對(duì)他的認(rèn)識(shí)和定性，葉芝的文學(xué)作品及社會(huì)活動(dòng)體現(xiàn)了19-20世紀(jì)的愛(ài)爾蘭乃至整個(gè)英國(guó)的文學(xué)及社會(huì)變革，使得葉芝在不同的創(chuàng)作時(shí)期被賦予了不同的社會(huì)身份。 第一章主要探討、分析葉芝早期詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作（1889-1903）中的浪漫主義風(fēng)格。由于受到浪漫主義詩(shī)人、先拉斐爾派及唯美主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響，其詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言呈現(xiàn)出華麗、夢(mèng)幻、飄渺、營(yíng)造夢(mèng)幻般的神秘氛圍，這個(gè)時(shí)期葉芝成為了浪漫唯美的夢(mèng)游者。十九世紀(jì)后三十年到二十世紀(jì)，都市化、工業(yè)化、商品化的英國(guó)社會(huì)使人們陷入苦悶，而在個(gè)人生活中，對(duì)毛德·岡的愛(ài)一直得不到回應(yīng)，加上當(dāng)時(shí)愛(ài)爾蘭革命前途未卜，這些都促使作者開(kāi)始逃離現(xiàn)實(shí)塵囂，向往阿卡迪亞式理想世界。逃離現(xiàn)實(shí)，回歸自然成為了詩(shī)人心中的渴望。另一方面，憑借著詩(shī)人豐富的想象力，愛(ài)爾蘭神話與傳說(shuō)也成為了詩(shī)人追求的夢(mèng)中仙境。另外，早期詩(shī)歌中葉芝對(duì)愛(ài)爾蘭民間傳說(shuō)的大量運(yùn)用也體現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人作為愛(ài)爾蘭民族主義詩(shī)人所做出的貢獻(xiàn)與成就。而在他詩(shī)歌中頻頻出現(xiàn)的“玫瑰”象征意象也折射出了葉芝愛(ài)情受挫后的哀傷與憂愁。 第二章著重闡釋葉芝中期詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)變（1904-1920），揭示其思想的深化。二十世紀(jì)初，世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)發(fā)生了重大的變革，葉芝目睹了第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)和結(jié)束，愛(ài)爾蘭自治法案的不被肯定，愛(ài)爾蘭黨派的四分五裂，勾心斗角，1916年的復(fù)活節(jié)起義，經(jīng)歷了這些，，葉芝的思想發(fā)生了重大變化。葉芝逐漸摒棄了早期那種虛幻、朦朧的浪漫主義詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格，開(kāi)始用更為直接、簡(jiǎn)練、堅(jiān)實(shí)鮮明的詩(shī)歌風(fēng)格來(lái)表達(dá)現(xiàn)實(shí)內(nèi)容，寫下了大量具有鮮明政治色彩的詩(shī)歌。同時(shí)受到激進(jìn)的愛(ài)爾蘭民族解放戰(zhàn)士毛德·岡的影響，葉芝積極投身到愛(ài)爾蘭民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中去，用詩(shī)歌來(lái)謳歌愛(ài)爾蘭民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)烈士，倡導(dǎo)愛(ài)爾蘭文藝復(fù)興，用詩(shī)歌來(lái)重塑愛(ài)爾蘭文化與精神。 第三章通過(guò)對(duì)葉芝晚期詩(shī)歌（1921-1939）的分析，揭示這一時(shí)期詩(shī)人創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格的成熟、睿智及其詩(shī)歌所蘊(yùn)含的哲學(xué)思想。這一時(shí)期葉芝經(jīng)歷了英-愛(ài)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、愛(ài)爾蘭內(nèi)戰(zhàn)及戰(zhàn)后愛(ài)爾蘭相對(duì)和平的時(shí)期，同時(shí)也感受著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前的陰霾。動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)代使他試圖從另一種更超然、更高的視角來(lái)闡述生活、生命和歷史。他詩(shī)歌中具有了更加理性、成熟的特征。葉芝晚期詩(shī)歌最顯著的特點(diǎn)就是智慧。這一時(shí)期的葉芝強(qiáng)調(diào)人的本能需求而超越了簡(jiǎn)單的兩性關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)了靈與肉、身與心的完美結(jié)合，得出了愛(ài)情的真諦。此時(shí)的葉芝不僅從一個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人的角度，更重要的是站在整個(gè)人類的高度，來(lái)重申自己的愛(ài)爾蘭主題。他詩(shī)歌中的愛(ài)爾蘭早已超越了狹隘的民族主義語(yǔ)境，而是站在人性的立場(chǎng)以寬容、博愛(ài)的態(tài)度來(lái)看待自己民族。詩(shī)人立于愛(ài)爾蘭的永恒之中。葉芝到了晚期，其詩(shī)歌已經(jīng)入了藝術(shù)、生命和宗教三位一體的哲學(xué)境界。葉芝把自己的一切融進(jìn)了拜占庭。在拜占庭，葉芝找到了自己的靈魂歸宿，葉芝的詩(shī)歌藝術(shù)達(dá)到了永恒。 最后一部分是論文的結(jié)語(yǔ)。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分指出由于社會(huì)環(huán)境和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的變化，詩(shī)人的詩(shī)歌風(fēng)格也發(fā)生了變化，而葉芝一生的活動(dòng)與詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作都離不開(kāi)詩(shī)人心目中的兩大情結(jié)：愛(ài)爾蘭情結(jié)與對(duì)毛德·岡的情結(jié)。這兩大主題貫穿于葉芝的整個(gè)詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作中，是葉芝詩(shī)歌不斷變化的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格中存在的兩大不變內(nèi)核。在回顧了葉芝一生多變的豐富的作品之后，本文作者從時(shí)代的高度出發(fā)，對(duì)葉芝及其作品對(duì)愛(ài)爾蘭及其整個(gè)世界文學(xué)的影響給予了中肯的評(píng)價(jià)。 詩(shī)歌是由詩(shī)人創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的，詩(shī)歌的研究不能脫離對(duì)詩(shī)人的研究，了解一個(gè)詩(shī)人的創(chuàng)作思想能夠更好地理解詩(shī)人詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)作軌道與動(dòng)機(jī)。而詩(shī)人的創(chuàng)作思想的形成又離不開(kāi)詩(shī)人所處的社會(huì)環(huán)境與個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，詩(shī)人詩(shī)歌風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)變也是詩(shī)人個(gè)人人生觀、價(jià)值觀轉(zhuǎn)變的體現(xiàn)。因此本論文作者尊重歷史與客觀事實(shí)，結(jié)合詩(shī)人的生活經(jīng)歷，以其所處的時(shí)代、社會(huì)環(huán)境為背景，對(duì)葉芝及其詩(shī)歌、及其社會(huì)角色進(jìn)行分析、探究解讀，試圖還原一個(gè)真實(shí)、立體的葉芝。此外，本論文作者還圍繞對(duì)葉芝的解讀與分析，探究了其詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作的最終意義以及詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作的動(dòng)力。從這點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，本論文做到了以人為本，相信本論文對(duì)詩(shī)歌研究解讀及詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的幫助。
[Abstract]:Yeats, a widely known modern poet in the world in the twentieth Century, is also a milestone in the field of English literature. It is also the pride of the whole of Ireland. He has always been one of the most famous and famous in the history of poetry. Yeats's unremitting pursuit of his poetic innovation in his life - from early aestheticism, Romanticism to medium-term rationality and reality At the same time, the study of Yeats himself and his poetry has been a very hot field. Yeats's personal life, the social role and the expression of his works, and the change of style are quite controversial. Yeats has experienced many frustrations in his life, experienced the grief of love, the glory of literature, the disillusionment and awakening of politics. These life experiences have influenced the poet's creative desire and imperceptibly influence the poet. This paper uses the new criticism "fine reading" and Marx's historical materialism research method, based on careful study of Yeats's poetry, from the perspective of the influence of personal experience and social change on the creation, and analyzes the transformation process of Yeats's poetic career from romantic Aestheticism to rational reality and then to mature wisdom. The transformation of personal, family and social reasons has been explored.
This thesis is divided into three parts: "Introduction", "text" and "conclusion". The introduction first introduces Yeats's life and his literary achievements. The introduction of his life mainly includes Yeats's family background, emotional life and political activities, focusing on the early long environment of Yeats. As we all know, the life experience of a person's childhood is general. It will affect his outlook on life and his early creation. Secondly, the author puts forward the theme and views of the author on the basis of the study of Yeats at home and abroad so far. The introduction also gives a brief introduction to the basic arguments, research significance, research methods and innovations of this paper.
The main body of the thesis is divided into three chapters. It begins with the transformation process of Yeats's poetic creation style. The essential attribute of man is also its social attribute. Personal experiences and social activities have a great influence on the poet's creative thought, and the contribution of a person to society also determines the understanding and nature of the society, and Yeats's literary works and society. The activities embodied the literary and social changes of the 19-20 century Ireland and even the whole of Britain, making Yeats endowed with different social identities at different periods of creation.
The first chapter mainly discusses the romantic style in Yeats's early poetry creation (1889-1903). Due to the influence of romantic poets, first Rafael school and aestheticism movement, his poetic language presents gorgeous, dreamy, ethereal and dreamy mysterious atmosphere, and Yeats became a romantic and aesthetical sleepman at this time. In the thirty and twentieth Century of the century, the urbanized, industrialized and commercialized English society made people depressed, and in their personal life, the love of maurd gang had not been answered, and the future of the Irish revolution was uncertain, all of which prompted the author to flee the uproar and yearn for the Arcadia ideal world. Returning to nature has become the desire of the poet. On the other hand, with the rich imagination of the poet, Irish mythology and legends have also become the wonderland of the poet's dream. In addition, the great use of Yeats in the Irish folklore in the early poetry also embodies the contribution and achievement of the poet as a poet of the Irish nationalism. However, the symbolic imagery of rose symbolized in his poems also reflects the sadness and sorrow after Yeats's love failure.
The second chapter emphatically explains the transformation of Yeats's poetic style in the middle period (1904-1920), and reveals the deepening of his thought. In the early twentieth Century, the world's economic, political and social changes have taken place. Yeats witnessed the outbreak and end of the first World War, the Irish autonomy act was not affirmed, the Irish parties were divided and disconnected. After the Easter uprising of the 1916, Yeats's thoughts changed greatly. Yeats gradually abandoned the illusory and hazy romantic poetic style of the early years, and began to express the realistic content with a more direct, concise and solid poetic style, and wrote a large number of poems with distinct political colors. To the influence of Maud Gang, the radical Irish national liberation soldier, Yeats was actively involved in the Irish national liberation movement, eulogized the martyrs of the Irish national liberation movement with poetry, advocated the Irish Renaissance, and remolded the Irish culture and spirit with poetry.
The third chapter, through the analysis of Yeats's late poetry (1921-1939), reveals the mature, sagacious and philosophical thoughts of the poet's writing style in this period. In this period, Yeats experienced the war of English love, the civil war in Ireland and the period of relative peace in Ireland after the war, and also felt the haze before the outbreak of the Second World War. The turbulent times made him try to explain life, life and history from another more transcendent and higher perspective. His poetry has a more rational and mature character. The most remarkable feature of Yeats's late poetry is wisdom. At this time, Yeats stressed the instinct of human beings and overtook the simple sexual relationship, emphasizing the spirit and flesh, body, and body. With the perfect combination of heart, the true meaning of love is drawn. At this time, Yeats, not only from the angle of an Irish poet, is more important to stand at the height of the entire human race to reaffirm his Irish theme. Ireland in his poetry has long transcended the narrow nationalist context, but is standing in the stand of humanity with a tolerant and loving attitude. To look at one's own nation. The poet is standing in the eternal of Ireland. When Yeats arrived in the late period, his poetry had entered the philosophical realm of the trinity of art, life and religion. Yeats incorporated everything into the Byzantium. In Byzantium, Yeats found his own soul home, and Yeats's poetic art reached eternity.
The last part is the conclusion of the thesis. The concluding part points out that the poetic style of the poet has also changed because of the changes in the social environment and personal experience, and Yeats's life activities and poetry can not be separated from the two great complex of the poet's mind: the Irish complex and the complex of Maud gang. These two themes run through the whole of the whole of Yeats. In the creation of poetry, it is the two constant core in the changing style of Yeats's poetry. After reviewing the varied and varied works of Yeats's life, the author, starting from the height of the times, gives a moderate evaluation of the impact of Yeats and his works on Ireland and its whole world literature.
Poetry is created by poets. The study of poetry can not be separated from the study of poets. Understanding the creative thought of a poet can better understand the creative track and motive of poets' poetry, and the formation of the poet's creative thought can not be separated from the social environment and personal experience of the poet, and the poet's poetic style is also a poet. Therefore, the author of this thesis respects history and objective facts, combines the life experience of the poet, with his time and social environment as the background, analyzes Yeats and his poems and their social roles, explores and interprets and tries to return the original and three-dimensional Yeats. Besides, the author of this thesis is also surrounded by the author. Through the interpretation and analysis of Yeats, the final meaning of his poetic creation and the motive force of poetry creation are explored. From this point of view, this thesis has done the people based, believing that this thesis will have some help to the interpretation of poetry and the creation of poetry.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I562.072

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本文編號(hào)：1774257