本文選題：奧爾德斯·赫胥黎　切入點(diǎn)：《奇妙的新世界》　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：奧爾德斯·赫胥黎是20世紀(jì)英國(guó)著名的小說家,散文家和社會(huì)評(píng)論家。他一生共創(chuàng)作了50多部作品,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的倫理和宗教都有著深刻的探索和研究。縱觀其寫作生涯,他一直告誡人類,盲目追求技術(shù)進(jìn)步,將給人類自身帶來嚴(yán)重的威脅,甚至不可避免地會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類滅亡。 《奇妙的新世界》是奧爾德斯·赫胥黎最重要的作品之一,作為一部反烏托邦小說,它主要講述了過度發(fā)展科技,排斥人文傳統(tǒng)文化,將有可能給人類帶來很大的災(zāi)難。本論文主要通過分析兩位主人公穆斯塔夫·蒙德和野人約翰,透過他們各自所代表的不同的價(jià)值觀,來揭示科技和人文兩種文化的激烈沖突所導(dǎo)致的悲劇。在小說中,穆斯塔夫·蒙德為了確�！笆澜鐕�(guó)”秩序的穩(wěn)定,防止“世界國(guó)”的國(guó)民形成獨(dú)立的自我意識(shí),采取了一系列措施來消除歷史、科學(xué)、宗教、文學(xué),剝奪人的自由和尊嚴(yán)。生長(zhǎng)在印第安部落的青年野人約翰,由于遭受當(dāng)?shù)匚幕呐懦?借助于莎士比亞的文學(xué)作品以及自己對(duì)印第安宗教信仰的理解,完成自我教育。他對(duì)“新世界”的美好生活充滿了幻想,然而當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍的一切與他所接受的文學(xué)教育理念和印第安文化的宗教信仰完全不同時(shí),便產(chǎn)生極端的失望。他試圖用自己的力量來喚醒被科技專制集權(quán)奴役而變得麻木不仁的國(guó)民意識(shí),恢復(fù)人性,但最后的努力以失敗而告終。 本文認(rèn)為,正是源于以穆斯塔夫·蒙德為代表的科技文化和以野人約翰為代表的人文文化之間的沖突和分裂,導(dǎo)致野人約翰最終的悲劇。無論是科技還是人文,單一的文化都是有其局限性的。本文借助英國(guó)著名小說家斯諾在1959提出的“兩種文化”觀點(diǎn),論證了小說中人文與科技的割裂,特別是無限制的科技集權(quán)專制帶給人類荒誕的生存狀態(tài),以及喪失人性和尊嚴(yán)的悲劇。這樣做的目的旨在警示人們：科技無限制發(fā)展存在著潛在隱患,希望人們重視人類傳統(tǒng)文化的價(jià)值,只有合理的發(fā)展兩種文化,才能建立一個(gè)健康、和諧、幸福、安定的人類世界。
[Abstract]:Aldous Huxley is a famous British novelist, essayist and social critic in the 20 th century.In his life, he created more than 50 works, which deeply explored and studied the ethics and religion of the society at that time.Throughout his writing career, he has always warned that the blind pursuit of technological progress will bring serious threats to human beings and even inevitably lead to the extinction of human beings.The wonderful New World is one of Aldous Huxley's most important works. As a dystopian novel, it mainly talks about the excessive development of science and technology and the rejection of human traditional culture, which may bring great disaster to mankind.Through the analysis of the two protagonists Mustaf Mond and John the savage, this thesis reveals the tragedy caused by the fierce conflict between science and technology and humanities through the different values represented by the two protagonists.In the novel, Mustaf Mond takes a series of measures to eliminate history, science, religion and literature in order to ensure the stability of the order of the "world state" and to prevent the "world nation" from forming an independent self-consciousness.Deprivation of liberty and dignity.John, a young savage who grew up in an Indian tribe, was relegated by local culture to complete his own education with the help of Shakespeare's literary works and his own understanding of Indian religious beliefs.He was full of illusions about the good life of the New World, but he was extremely disappointed when he found that everything around him was completely different from the literary education he received and the religious beliefs of the Indian culture.He tried to use his own strength to awaken the national consciousness and restore human nature which had been enslaved by the technocratic autocracy, but his final efforts ended in failure.This paper argues that it is the conflict and division between the technological culture represented by Mustaf Mond and the humanistic culture represented by the savage John that led to the ultimate tragedy of the savage John.Whether it is science and technology or humanities, a single culture has its limitations.Based on the viewpoint of "two cultures" put forward by the famous British novelist Snow in 1959, this paper demonstrates the separation of humanity and science and technology in the novel, especially the absurd living state brought by the unlimited totalitarian autocracy of science and technology.And the tragedy of loss of humanity and dignity.The purpose of this is to warn people that there are potential hidden dangers in the unlimited development of science and technology. We hope that people will attach importance to the value of traditional human culture. Only by reasonably developing the two cultures can we build a healthy, harmonious and happy society.A stable human world
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 朱望;;論A.赫胥黎的自由主義思想[J];思想戰(zhàn)線;2010年06期

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本文編號(hào)：1711492