本文選題：《自由國度》　切入點：文化身份　出處：《河北師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：維迪亞達·蘇萊普拉沙得·奈保爾是2001年諾貝爾文學獎獲得者。他是英國后殖民文學中著名的移民作家。他的故鄉(xiāng)是印度，，但他在特立尼達島出生并成長，后來在英國接受了高等教育，從那以后定居并且生活在倫敦。他復雜的文化背景導致了他對文化身份的困惑和不確定性。他被叫做“無根作家”,因此他的寫作與他的文化身份緊密相連。 《自由國度》是他的短篇小說集，1971年在英國獲得了布克獎。這本書包括兩個日記摘要和三個短篇小說。這三篇小說中的主人公們在地理和文化上都經(jīng)歷了移位，他們在異國遇到了文化身份的危機，失去了歸屬感。本文將結(jié)合后殖民理論分析《自由國度》中三種人物的文化身份問題。 引言部分對作家奈保爾，《自由國度》以及文化身份的相關(guān)理論做了簡單的介紹，并且概述了國內(nèi)外對這部作品的研究現(xiàn)狀。 第一章分析了一個印度文化堅守者在美國的文化身份。桑托什是一個印度仆人，跟隨著他的雇主來到華盛頓。他在三方面堅守著印度文化，第一，他總是用印度的思維方式去處事；第二，從著裝和起居方面還保持著印度的生活方式；第三，他嚴格遵守著印度宗教的制度，他不能原諒自己娶了一個哈布舍族的婦女，為了贖罪他關(guān)閉了心靈，不去接觸任何與美國文化有關(guān)的事物，而將自己囚禁在印度文化中。 第二章討論了在英國兩種邊緣人的文化身份。敘述者和弟弟戴約試圖從西印度群島逃到倫敦去實現(xiàn)夢想。第一節(jié)分析的是敘述者，他是事業(yè)上的失敗者。他想通過自己在工廠的辛勤勞動掙很多的錢成為有錢人，但由于身體過度勞累他再也不能做苦力勞動。然后他經(jīng)營了自己的商店，但他并不善于做生意，并且屢屢遭到當?shù)貝汗鱾兊膿v亂。后來商店的倒閉和弟弟的輟學使他的精神徹底崩潰，他成為了一個徹底的失敗者。第二節(jié)論述的是戴約，他想通過在大學里接受高等教育成為一個專業(yè)人才。但是殖民文化的束縛和貧困的生活阻礙了他接受教育，最后他放棄了學業(yè)。他試圖模仿西方人的行為來融入主流文化，但仍然徘徊在社會的邊緣位置，經(jīng)歷了和敘述者相同的遭遇。 第三章闡述了英國人在非洲的他者形象。一方面，鮑比和琳達以霸道的殖民者身份出現(xiàn)在非洲人面前。鮑比是一個同性戀的惡徒，他仗著白人的權(quán)勢玩弄非洲男孩來滿足他的性欲。琳達是一個種族隔離者，她盡力避免與非洲人的接觸，并對非洲人充滿了極度的冷漠和偏見。另一方面,鮑比和琳達在動亂的非洲也充滿了危機感，因為在黑非洲人群中他們是外來者或弱者。這一節(jié)重點分析了鮑比這個人物。他想作為一個服務(wù)者，通過與非洲人的認同來保護自己，所以他采取友好的態(tài)度去幫助非洲人。但他不僅受到了非洲人的排斥和侮辱，最后還成了非洲人暴力下的犧牲品。 最后一部分對于文章前面的論述做了總結(jié)。故事中的主人公從故土來到異國，他們的身份都發(fā)生了改變。即，印度人在美國獲得了美國身份，但仍堅守著印度文化；西印度群島人在英國變成了邊緣人；英國人在非洲變成了他者。他們都沒有在各自的“自由國度”找到自由，并且陷入了文化身份的困境。這便傳達出異族文化在各個歷史階段的沖突和不可相容性。通過對這本書中三種人物文化身份的分析,期望對了解奈保爾的文化身份觀念有所幫助，并且期待能引起評論界和讀者對《自由國度》的更多關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:Verdi and Suleprasad Naipaul, who won the Nobel prize in 2001. He is a famous British immigrant writer after the colonial literature. His hometown is India, but he was born and grew up in the island of Trinidad, and later in Britain has received higher education, then settled and lived in London. He led to his complex cultural background on cultural identity confusion and uncertainty. He was called a "rootless writer", so his writing and his cultural identity are closely linked.
< > is a free country, his collection of short stories, won the 1971 Booker Prize in the UK. This book includes two diary abstracts and three short stories. The three novels the protagonists in geography and culture has experienced the shift, they encountered the crisis of cultural identity in a foreign country, lost ownership this paper will combine the sense of post colonial theory to analyze the cultural identity of three characters in < > in the free state.
The introduction gives a brief introduction to the related theories of Naipaul, the free country and cultural identity, and outlines the research status of the works both at home and abroad.
The first chapter analyzes a India culture to the American cultural identity. Santosh is a servant of India, along with his employer came to Washington. He clung to the culture of India, in three ways: first, he always used India's way of thinking to work; second, from the aspects of dress and still keep the living life in India way; third, he strictly abide by the India religious system, he can't forgive myself for marrying a hubshi women, in order to sin he shut down the heart, not to contact any related to American culture that will be their own prison ban in India culture.
The second chapter discusses the two kinds of people in the UK the edge of the cultural identity of the narrator and his brother Deyoe tried to run away to London from the West Indies to realize the dream. The first section is the analysis of the narrator, he is the cause of the failure. He wanted to through their own hard work in the factory to earn a lot of money for the rich, but because of the body he overworked cannot do toil. Then he opened his own labor shop, but he is not good at doing business, and often by local thugs. Store closures and trouble later brother drop out to his spirit of complete collapse, he became a loser. The second section discusses the Deyoe. He wanted to accept higher education in the university to become a professional talent. But the shackles of colonialism and poverty hinders his education, he finally gave up his studies. He tried to imitate the West The behavior is integrated into the mainstream culture, but it still lingers on the edge of the society, experiencing the same experience as the narrator.
The third chapter of the British people in Africa. The image of the other hand, Bobby and Linda to bully the colonists identity appeared in front of Africans. Bobby is a gay villain, he relied on the white power with African boy to satisfy his desire. Linda is an apartheid, she tried to avoid with Africans the contact of Africans was full of indifference and prejudice. On the other hand, Bobby and Linda in the turmoil of Africa is full of a sense of crisis, because the black African populations they are outsiders or weak. This section focuses on the analysis of the character of Bobby. He thought as a service, to protect through their own and African identity, so he took a friendly attitude to help Africans. But he not only by rejection and insult Africans, and finally became a victim of the violence of Africans.
The last part discusses the front of this paper was summarized. The hero of the story came from his exotic, their identities are changed. That is, the Indians won the American identity in the United States, but still adhere to the culture of India; the West Indies became marginalized in the UK; the British became the other in Africa they are not in their "free country" to find freedom, and in the cultural identity dilemma. It conveys the alien culture conflict in each historical stage and can not be compatible. The three characters of cultural identity of this book, expected to understand Naipaul's concept of cultural identity has help, and look forward to more attention from critics and readers of "free country >.

【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I561.074

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