【摘要】：社會發(fā)展促進了人們交流與表征方式的變化，言語交際模式不再僅僅局限于語言符號形式，而是傾向于以多符號多模態(tài)的方式呈現(xiàn)，即帶有文字的語篇中融入了多種交流模式如聲音、圖像、視頻等。Halliday（1978, p.39）認為：語言是一種社會符號，是一個“意義潛勢”的系統(tǒng)，語言的語法“不是一套用來參考的規(guī)則，而是制造意義的資源�！睋Q言之，文化系統(tǒng)中那部分非語言的社會符號也具有傳遞意義的可能性。作為一種視覺藝術形式，諷刺漫畫是由文字與圖像符號組成的交際語篇，除了發(fā)揮娛樂大眾的功能，更是一種傳遞作者創(chuàng)作意圖的手段。目前對諷刺漫畫的研究主要集中于心理學、美學、新聞傳播、以及認知語言學等領域，很少從語用學角度出發(fā)，將非語言符號納入研究，來對漫畫寓意進行深入解讀，然而其在漫畫的社會功能中扮演著重要角色。 作為一種視覺交流方式，從言說者角度來講，漫畫家常以文字與圖像的巧妙布局形式來達到啟發(fā)讀者，傳遞漫畫創(chuàng)作的目的，是真實交際意圖的傳遞過程；從讀者角度來講，閱讀漫畫就是在尋求其圖像與文字這種“復合語言”內(nèi)部如何獲得最佳關聯(lián)，促成整個語篇銜接連貫的寓意解讀過程。本文是以諷刺漫畫為研究對象，以國內(nèi)最權威的“諷刺與幽默”中（截止到2014年1月）的漫畫作品為語料，從社會符號學與語用學角度出發(fā)，以視覺語法與關聯(lián)理論為理論指導，來探討諷刺漫畫的寓意推理過程。由于文字與圖像在作為交際符號的同時，也扮演著表意手段的角色，同樣具有“意義潛勢”，它們共同參與著整個語篇的寓意建構，通過言語行為的語言特征與視覺行為中的圖像特征以及該語篇存在的語境特征來共同實現(xiàn)，三者互為補充，缺一不可。 本文總共五章，第一章“引言”，主要闡釋研究目的、動機、意義、方法以及論文整體框架。第二章“文獻綜述”，在闡明漫畫以及諷刺漫畫定義的基礎上，從心理學、美學、新聞傳播以及認知語言學角度總結(jié)了前人研究，然后指出前人研究所作出的貢獻與存在的不足。第三章“理論框架”，首先分別詳細闡述了關聯(lián)理論與視覺語法的主要內(nèi)容以及各自的優(yōu)缺點，從而進一步說明將兩個理論結(jié)合的可能性、必要性與可行性。第四章“個案研究與討論”，，旨在闡述此研究的語料來源與分類，然后運用上述理論框架來進行詳細的個案研究，最后對研究結(jié)果進行討論。第五章“結(jié)論”，該章節(jié)總結(jié)了本研究的成果與貢獻，并對其中存在的局限性做出思考，最后對將來相關研究提出建議。 本文認為，解讀諷刺漫畫的寓意，讀者可以從再現(xiàn)、互動與構圖三方面來分析漫畫語篇中各符號間的內(nèi)部協(xié)同合作,得到隱含前提信息，并以此再結(jié)合文字與語境信息進行推理，來獲得圖像與文字之間的最佳關聯(lián)以及語篇整體連貫，從而成功解讀出漫畫所傳遞的真實意圖即隱含寓意。 該研究從社會符號學與語用角度來解讀漫畫寓意，發(fā)現(xiàn)： 1）諷刺漫畫的創(chuàng)作與寓意的表達主要是以動作、反應、言語心理或混合過程呈現(xiàn)的敘述語篇形式為主； 2）諷刺漫畫寓意的解讀是一個“多級明示推理”的過程，其中分析圖像中符號間的內(nèi)部協(xié)作可以獲得漫畫語篇的隱含前提，為獲得圖像文字之間的最佳關聯(lián)提供預設信息； 3）諷刺漫畫中文字與圖像位置所反應的信息值與視覺語法中介紹的圖像文字關系基本一致，與人類認知方式存在象似性； 4）諷刺漫畫語篇中文字不僅影響對圖像的理解，還突出反映了創(chuàng)作者對描述事件的主觀態(tài)度； 5）顏色，表情等非言語符號具有潛在信息值，有助于激活漫畫語篇中與寓意相關的關聯(lián)信息。 此外，該研究的意義在于： 1）理論上，將言語交際的研究范圍擴到非語言層面，并彌補了關聯(lián)理論在解釋非言語交際中不足，為社會符號學與語用學的界面研究起到了示范作用,同時論證了將視覺語法運用到東方文化視野下的圖像分析的可行性； 2）實踐上，為人們欣賞漫畫解讀漫畫寓意提供了新途徑和理論指導，并對漫畫藝術教學具有借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:Social development promotes the change of people's communication and representation. The mode of speech communication is no longer confined to the form of language symbols, but tends to be presented in a multimodal and multimodal manner. That is, a variety of communication patterns, such as sound, image and video, are incorporated into the text with.Halliday (1978, p.39) that language is a kind of society. Symbol is a system of "meaning potential". The grammar of language is "not a set of rules for reference, but a resource for making meaning." in other words, the non language social symbols in the cultural system also have the possibility of transmitting meaning. As a visual art form, caricatures are made up of words and image symbols. In addition to playing the function of the entertainment masses, the communicative language is a means to convey the author's creative intention. The current research on satirical comics is mainly focused on the fields of psychology, aesthetics, news dissemination and cognitive linguistics. However, it plays an important role in the social functions of cartoons.
As a way of visual communication, from the speaker's point of view, comic books are often used to enlighten the readers by the ingenious layout of words and images, to convey the purpose of comic creation and the transfer process of the true communicative intention; from the angle of the reader, the reading comic is how to seek the interior of the "compound language" such as the image and the text. This article is based on the caricature of the most authoritative "satire and humour" in China as the corpus, from the perspective of social semiotics and pragmatics, guided by the theory of visual grammar and relevance theory. The parable reasoning process of satirical cartoons. As words and images act as communicative symbols, they also play the role of ideographic means. They also have "meaning potential". They participate in the allegorical construction of the whole text, the linguistic features of speech act and the image characteristics in visual behavior, and the context of the text. The three are complementary and indispensable.
This article is a total of five chapters. The first chapter, "Introduction", mainly explains the purpose, motivation, meaning, method and overall framework of the paper. The second chapter "literature review", on the basis of clarifying the definition of comics and caricature, summarizes the previous research from the perspective of psychology, aesthetics, news communication and cognitive linguistics, and then points out the previous research institute. The third chapter, "theoretical framework", first detailedly expounds the main contents of relevance theory and visual grammar and their respective advantages and disadvantages, and further illustrates the possibility, necessity and feasibility of combining the two theories. The fourth chapter "a case study and discussion" is intended to explain the language of this study. Material sources and classification, and then use the above theoretical framework to carry out a detailed case study, and finally discuss the results of the study. The fifth chapter "conclusion", this chapter summarizes the results and contributions of this study, and makes a reflection on the limitations of the existing research, and finally puts forward some suggestions on the future research.
In this paper, it is believed that reading the allegory of caricature, readers can analyze the internal cooperation and cooperation among the symbols in the comic text from three aspects of reproduction, interaction and composition, and get the implied premise information, and then combine the text and context information to get the best connection between the image and the text and the overall coherence of the text. The real intention conveyed by cartoon is implied successfully.
From the perspective of social semiotics and pragmatics, this study interprets comic implications.
1) The creation of satirical cartoons and the expression of their implied meanings are mainly in the form of narrative texts presented by actions, reactions, speech psychology or mixed processes.
2) the interpretation of the satirical comic implication is a process of "multistage ostensive inferential", in which the internal cooperation between symbols in the image can obtain the implied premise of the comic text, and provide the presupposition information for the best association between the images.
3) the information value of the text and image position in the caricature is basically consistent with the images and characters introduced in the visual grammar, and there is an iconicity with the human cognitive style.
4) Characters in caricature texts not only affect the understanding of images, but also highlight the subjective attitudes of the creators towards describing events.
5) nonverbal symbols such as color and expression have potential information value, which helps activate the related information associated with the implied meaning in comic texts.
In addition, the significance of the study is:
1) in theory, the scope of speech communication is expanded to the non language level, and it makes up for the lack of Relevance Theory in the interpretation of non-verbal communication, which has played a demonstration role in the study of the interface of social semiotics and pragmatics, and demonstrates the feasibility of applying visual grammar to the image analysis under the oriental cultural field.
2) Practically, it provides a new way and theoretical guidance for people to appreciate the caricature to interpret the meaning of the caricature, and has a reference for the teaching of caricature art.
【學位授予單位】：四川外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：J218.2

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