【摘要】：同“詞”的詞匯化一樣，四字語(yǔ)的形成也經(jīng)歷了從自由短語(yǔ)到詞匯單位的詞匯化過(guò)程，，然而對(duì)四字語(yǔ)卻缺少歷時(shí)的、系統(tǒng)的考察。本文主要研究漢語(yǔ)中與四字語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展密切相關(guān)的詞匯化現(xiàn)象，采用歷時(shí)與共時(shí)相結(jié)合的方法，分析、解釋四字語(yǔ)詞匯化背后的演變條件、制約演變的動(dòng)因以及詞匯化所經(jīng)歷的具體過(guò)程。搞清四字語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)生方式有利于增進(jìn)我們對(duì)漢語(yǔ)整體面貌的認(rèn)識(shí)。 緒論部分主要明確本文的研究對(duì)象，梳理目前關(guān)于四字語(yǔ)的研究概況，說(shuō)明本文參考的工具書(shū)，表明本文所要解決的問(wèn)題。 第一章介紹漢語(yǔ)四字語(yǔ)的主要語(yǔ)源，也就是四字語(yǔ)所由發(fā)展演變以至定型的最初源頭。四字語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)源主要是神話(huà)傳說(shuō)、寓言故事、歷史故事、古文、古詩(shī)詞、宗教典籍，諺語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)化，現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的專(zhuān)業(yè)用語(yǔ)和文藝創(chuàng)作。 四字語(yǔ)是如何從語(yǔ)源演變而來(lái)的呢？四字語(yǔ)在詞匯化過(guò)程中一般要經(jīng)歷兩個(gè)階段：成形階段，包括從語(yǔ)源概括發(fā)展出四音節(jié)自由短語(yǔ)性質(zhì)的語(yǔ)源形式和語(yǔ)源形式習(xí)語(yǔ)化；定型階段是指習(xí)語(yǔ)進(jìn)一步詞匯化為四字語(yǔ)。 第二、三章研究四字語(yǔ)詞匯化過(guò)程。確定語(yǔ)源形式及語(yǔ)源形式衍生的主要方式，包括摘取語(yǔ)源中不相鄰的成分組合而成；自由短語(yǔ)降格而來(lái)；待嵌格式鑲嵌成分；整合加工已有四字語(yǔ)；對(duì)照已有四字語(yǔ)。分析語(yǔ)源形式形成過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的言語(yǔ)變體。語(yǔ)源形式只有在高頻率的復(fù)現(xiàn)中獲取習(xí)用性后才能演變?yōu)榱?xí)語(yǔ)。四字語(yǔ)成形階段呈現(xiàn)出以下特征：比喻義形成的歷時(shí)過(guò)程；引用起到的關(guān)鍵性作用；形式向四字格演進(jìn)、結(jié)構(gòu)由不對(duì)稱(chēng)性向?qū)ΨQ(chēng)性演變；換序形式消失。四字短語(yǔ)只有滿(mǎn)足結(jié)構(gòu)形式的定型性、意義的雙層性和整體性、現(xiàn)成性和習(xí)用性，才算最后詞匯化為四字語(yǔ)。定型后的四字語(yǔ)仍然存在語(yǔ)言變體。 第四章探討了四字語(yǔ)詞匯化程度加深的表現(xiàn)：四字語(yǔ)內(nèi)部形式的重新分析、四字語(yǔ)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)類(lèi)、四字語(yǔ)進(jìn)一步詞匯化為雙音節(jié)詞。影響四字語(yǔ)詞匯化的因素主要有語(yǔ)音限制、語(yǔ)源形式的組成成分緊密相鄰、語(yǔ)義改造以及高頻使用。組塊心理、類(lèi)比心理是制約四字語(yǔ)詞匯化的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)。
[Abstract]:Like the lexicalization of "word", the formation of four-character language has gone through the process of lexicalization from free phrase to lexical unit, but there is a lack of diachronic and systematic investigation of four-character language. This paper mainly studies the phenomenon of lexicalization, which is closely related to the emergence and development of the four-character language in Chinese. By using the method of combining diachronic and synchronic, this paper analyzes and explains the evolution conditions behind the four-character word convergence, the motivation of restricting the evolution and the specific process of lexicalization. Understanding the way the four-character language comes into being is helpful to enhance our understanding of the overall appearance of Chinese. The introduction part mainly clarifies the research object of this paper, combs the current research situation of the four-character language, explains the reference books referred to in this paper, and shows the problems to be solved in this paper. The first chapter introduces the main etymology of Chinese four-character language, that is, the original source of the development and evolution of four-character language. The etymology of four-character language is mainly myths and legends, fables, historical stories, ancient texts, ancient poems, religious classics, proverbs, professional terms and literary creation in modern Chinese. How did the four-character language evolve from the etymology? In the process of lexicalization, four-character language generally goes through two stages: the forming stage, which includes the etymological form and etymological form idiom of the nature of four-syllable free phrase from etymological generalization, and the stereotyped stage refers to the further lexicalization of idioms into four-character language. The second and third chapters study the process of four-character vocabulary. The main ways to determine the etymological form and etymological form are as follows: the combination of non-adjacent components in etymology; the reduction of free phrases; the mosaic components to be embedded in the format; the four-character language in the integration process; and the four-character language in contrast. This paper analyzes the linguistic variants in the formation of etymological forms. Etymological forms can only evolve into idioms after obtaining idiom in high frequency repeats. The forming stage of four-character language shows the following characteristics: the diachronic process of the formation of metaphorical meaning; the key role of citation; the evolution of form to four-character lattice, the evolution of structure from asymmetry to symmetry; and the disappearance of order-changing form. Only when the four-character phrase satisfies the formality of the structural form, the bilevel and integrity of the meaning, the present and the practice, can the final vocabulary be transformed into a four-character word. There are still language variants in the stereotyped four-character language. The fourth chapter discusses the manifestation of the deepening of the four-character vocabulary: the reanalysis of the internal form of the four-character language, the conversion of the four-character language, and the further vocabulary of the four-character language into the disyllabic word. The main factors affecting the vocabulary of four-character words are phonetic restrictions, the components of etymological forms are closely adjacent, semantic transformation and high-frequency use. Block psychology and analogy psychology are the main motivation to restrict the vocabulary of four-character words.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H136

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