【摘要】：歇后語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)中特有的一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。在說(shuō)話者和聽(tīng)話者之間的交際中，歇后語(yǔ)的解讀過(guò)程是研究的重點(diǎn)。在解讀過(guò)程中，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境、最佳關(guān)聯(lián)和最大關(guān)聯(lián)等因素，通過(guò)對(duì)歇后語(yǔ)實(shí)例的具體分析和總結(jié)，得出歇后語(yǔ)上半句和下半句之間主要是第一預(yù)設(shè)（單層預(yù)設(shè)）和第二預(yù)設(shè)（雙重預(yù)設(shè)）的設(shè)置。然后，根據(jù)應(yīng)用預(yù)設(shè)后所存在的不同性質(zhì)，總結(jié)出歇后語(yǔ)的預(yù)設(shè)類型，共包括五大類：焦點(diǎn)性預(yù)設(shè)、文化性預(yù)設(shè)、主觀性預(yù)設(shè)、虛指性預(yù)設(shè)以及存在性預(yù)設(shè)。同時(shí)，歇后語(yǔ)中預(yù)設(shè)的解讀也是有理論依據(jù)的。關(guān)聯(lián)理論、語(yǔ)境等都是歇后語(yǔ)中的預(yù)設(shè)解讀依據(jù)。根據(jù)以上的分析，得出歇后語(yǔ)中預(yù)設(shè)的特點(diǎn)，包括語(yǔ)用和語(yǔ)義兩個(gè)方面。首先，在語(yǔ)義方面體現(xiàn)在表層結(jié)構(gòu)和深層結(jié)構(gòu)上，二者之間存在緊密的聯(lián)系，體現(xiàn)了意旨上的一致性；其次，在語(yǔ)用方面，體現(xiàn)為合適性和共知性，即歇后語(yǔ)的預(yù)設(shè)使用過(guò)程中，，從整個(gè)語(yǔ)境上看一定要符合語(yǔ)用表達(dá)效果，并在說(shuō)話者和聽(tīng)話者之間一定存在一些共知性的因素，例如背景、文化、習(xí)俗等。最后，總結(jié)出歇后語(yǔ)中預(yù)設(shè)的語(yǔ)用功能有：強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)境關(guān)聯(lián)的功能、突出重點(diǎn)信息以及形成幽默風(fēng)格。上述研究為漢語(yǔ)中特殊語(yǔ)言形式的研究提供了新視角，拓寬了對(duì)漢語(yǔ)特殊語(yǔ)言形式理論研究思路，也為緩解尷尬局面、小品創(chuàng)作等提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Xiehou language is a unique linguistic phenomenon in Chinese. In the communication between the speaker and the hearer, the interpretation process of hysteria is the focus of the study. In the process of interpretation, combined with the factors such as context, optimal relevance and maximum relevance, through the concrete analysis and summary of the examples of Xiehu language, it is concluded that the first presupposition (single layer presupposition) and the second presupposition (double presupposition) are mainly between the upper half sentence and the lower half sentence. Then, according to the different properties of presupposition, the presupposition types of hysteria are summarized, which include five categories: focal presupposition, cultural presupposition, subjective presupposition, fictitious presupposition and existence presupposition. At the same time, there is a theoretical basis for the interpretation of presupposition in Xiehou. Relevance theory, context and so on are the basis of presupposition interpretation in hysteria. According to the above analysis, the characteristics of presupposition in Xiehu language are obtained, including pragmatic and semantic aspects. First of all, in the semantic aspect, there is a close relationship between the surface structure and the deep structure, which reflects the consistency of the intention. Secondly, in terms of pragmatics, it is embodied in appropriateness and empathy, that is, in the process of presupposition use of hysteria, it must conform to the effect of pragmatic expression in the whole context, and there must be some cognitive factors between the speaker and the hearer, such as background, culture, custom and so on. Finally, it is concluded that the pragmatic functions of presupposition in Xiehu are as follows: strengthening the function of contextual relevance, highlighting key information and forming humorous style. The above research provides a new perspective for the study of special language forms in Chinese, broadens the theoretical research ideas of Chinese special language forms, and also provides a reference for alleviating the awkward situation and sketch creation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：渤海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136.3

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