英漢請求語的比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-24 06:52
【摘要】：本論文將對英漢請求語的異同進行比較研究。選擇請求言語行為作為研究對象的原因有二。首先，請求言語行為廣泛應用于日常交際中；其次，請求言語行為是語用學范疇中的重要研究領域之一，并且國內(nèi)外的學者在該領域都已經(jīng)取得了相當豐碩的成果。可是請求言語行為研究總是側(cè)重直接比較英漢在選擇請求策略類型方面的異同。因此本論文采用定性研究和對比研究的方法，對英漢請求策略語言表達形式的異同進行分析，，并在這個對比研究的基礎上探討影響其異同的文化因素和語境因素。 請求言語行為是一種面子威脅行為，所以人們在實施請求言語行為時要采取一些禮貌策略以達到交際目的。換而言之，請求言語行為和禮貌二者關系密切。所以本論文將從禮貌的角度出發(fā)對英漢請求策略的異同進行全方面的比較研究。我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)Leech,Brown and Levinson的禮貌理論完全適合英語請求言語行為，有些地方卻不適合漢語請求言語行為，這是因為他們理論的提出都是以西方文化為基礎的。所以英語請求中表達的禮貌和漢語請求中表達的禮貌內(nèi)涵是不一樣的，英漢請求策略中用來表達禮貌的語言形式也是不同的。因此，對此進行研究和討論是十分必要的。 本論文主要歸納了英漢請求語的兩個不同之處。一方面，就句法而言，在英語請求策略中沒有漢語中典型的“把”字句；另外，英語中的禮貌標志詞“please”和漢語中的“請”在句子中的位置不一樣；并且在漢語請求策略中沒有像英語請求策略中那樣大量使用情態(tài)動詞過去式使請求更加禮貌的現(xiàn)象。另一方面，就語篇而言，中國人使用各種各樣的呼語來開始幾乎每一個請求言語行為，但是英國人則很少使用呼語；并且在漢語請求中輔助行為語總是出現(xiàn)在請求之前，相反在英語請求中輔助行為語總是在請求之后，或者人們根本就不會使用輔助行為語。 以上這些不同點都是受文化因素和語境因素影響的。比如說，漢語文化強調(diào)集體主義和社會的差序格局，并且漢語思維模式屬于典型的圓式思維模式，這就是在漢語請求中人們總是使用大量的呼語和輔助行為語的原因；然而西方文化則提倡個人主義和人人平等，并且英語思維模式是典型的線型思維模式，這就是為什么英國人喜歡使用間接請求策略，并經(jīng)常用情態(tài)動詞過去式使請求策略更加禮貌化。除了這些文化因素之外，還有一些具體的語境因素，如請求的大小，交流者之間的熟悉程度和交流者的社會權力差距以及社會距離的差距，這些都會影響禮貌的程度，并且造成英漢請求言語行為的異同。 總而言之，本論文旨在讓交流者意識到英漢請求言語行為的異同及影響其異同的文化因素和語境因素，以便在今后的交流中更有效的實施請求言語行為以達到交流的目的。
[Abstract]:This paper will make a comparative study of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese requests. There are two reasons for choosing request speech act as the object of study. First of all, request speech act is widely used in daily communication; secondly, request speech act is one of the important research fields in pragmatics, and scholars at home and abroad have achieved fruitful results in this field. However, the study of request speech act always focuses on directly comparing the similarities and differences between English and Chinese in choosing the types of request strategies. Therefore, this paper uses qualitative and contrastive methods to analyze the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request strategy language expressions, and on the basis of this contrastive study, discusses the cultural and contextual factors that affect the similarities and differences. Request speech act is a face-threatening act, so people should adopt some politeness strategies to achieve the purpose of communication when implementing request speech act. In other words, the request speech act and politeness are closely related. Therefore, this paper will make a comparative study of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request strategies from the point of view of politeness. We will find that Leech,Brown and Levinson's politeness theory is completely suitable for English request speech acts, but in some places it is not suitable for Chinese request speech acts, because their theories are all based on western culture. Therefore, the politeness expressed in English requests is different from that expressed in Chinese requests, and the language forms used to express politeness in English and Chinese request strategies are also different. Therefore, it is very necessary to study and discuss this. This paper mainly sums up two differences between English and Chinese requests. On the one hand, as far as syntax is concerned, there is no typical "Ba" sentence in English request strategy, on the other hand, the politeness marker "please" in English is different from that in Chinese in the position of "please" in the sentence. Moreover, there is no more polite use of modal verbs in Chinese request strategies than in English request strategies. On the other hand, as far as discourse is concerned, the Chinese use a variety of calls to begin almost every request speech act, but the British rarely use them. And the auxiliary behavior language always appears before the request in Chinese request, on the contrary, in the English request, the auxiliary behavior language is always after the request, or people will not use the auxiliary behavior language at all. These differences are influenced by cultural and contextual factors. For example, Chinese culture emphasizes collectivism and social order pattern, and Chinese thinking mode belongs to the typical circular thinking mode, which is why people always use a large number of calls and auxiliary behavioral words in Chinese requests. Western culture, however, advocates individualism and equality for all, and the English mode of thinking is a typical linear mode of thinking, which is why Britons like to use indirect request strategies. The past tense of modal verbs is often used to make the request strategy more polite. In addition to these cultural factors, there are a number of specific contextual factors, such as the size of the request, the degree of familiarity between communicators and the social power gap between communicators, as well as the gap in social distance, which will affect the degree of politeness. And it results in the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request speech acts. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to make communicators aware of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request speech acts and the cultural and contextual factors that affect their similarities and differences, so as to implement the request speech acts more effectively in the future communication in order to achieve the purpose of communication.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H313;H136
本文編號：2484649
[Abstract]:This paper will make a comparative study of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese requests. There are two reasons for choosing request speech act as the object of study. First of all, request speech act is widely used in daily communication; secondly, request speech act is one of the important research fields in pragmatics, and scholars at home and abroad have achieved fruitful results in this field. However, the study of request speech act always focuses on directly comparing the similarities and differences between English and Chinese in choosing the types of request strategies. Therefore, this paper uses qualitative and contrastive methods to analyze the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request strategy language expressions, and on the basis of this contrastive study, discusses the cultural and contextual factors that affect the similarities and differences. Request speech act is a face-threatening act, so people should adopt some politeness strategies to achieve the purpose of communication when implementing request speech act. In other words, the request speech act and politeness are closely related. Therefore, this paper will make a comparative study of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request strategies from the point of view of politeness. We will find that Leech,Brown and Levinson's politeness theory is completely suitable for English request speech acts, but in some places it is not suitable for Chinese request speech acts, because their theories are all based on western culture. Therefore, the politeness expressed in English requests is different from that expressed in Chinese requests, and the language forms used to express politeness in English and Chinese request strategies are also different. Therefore, it is very necessary to study and discuss this. This paper mainly sums up two differences between English and Chinese requests. On the one hand, as far as syntax is concerned, there is no typical "Ba" sentence in English request strategy, on the other hand, the politeness marker "please" in English is different from that in Chinese in the position of "please" in the sentence. Moreover, there is no more polite use of modal verbs in Chinese request strategies than in English request strategies. On the other hand, as far as discourse is concerned, the Chinese use a variety of calls to begin almost every request speech act, but the British rarely use them. And the auxiliary behavior language always appears before the request in Chinese request, on the contrary, in the English request, the auxiliary behavior language is always after the request, or people will not use the auxiliary behavior language at all. These differences are influenced by cultural and contextual factors. For example, Chinese culture emphasizes collectivism and social order pattern, and Chinese thinking mode belongs to the typical circular thinking mode, which is why people always use a large number of calls and auxiliary behavioral words in Chinese requests. Western culture, however, advocates individualism and equality for all, and the English mode of thinking is a typical linear mode of thinking, which is why Britons like to use indirect request strategies. The past tense of modal verbs is often used to make the request strategy more polite. In addition to these cultural factors, there are a number of specific contextual factors, such as the size of the request, the degree of familiarity between communicators and the social power gap between communicators, as well as the gap in social distance, which will affect the degree of politeness. And it results in the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request speech acts. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to make communicators aware of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request speech acts and the cultural and contextual factors that affect their similarities and differences, so as to implement the request speech acts more effectively in the future communication in order to achieve the purpose of communication.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H313;H136
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本文編號：2484649
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