【摘要】：漢語中有一種特殊的表達(dá)式“X什么X”，常見于非正式口語交際用法，，主要表達(dá)否定意義以及說話者的不滿情緒。從上世紀(jì)80年代開始，越來越多的學(xué)者關(guān)注這一構(gòu)式，他們主要從語音、語法、語義、語用等方面對(duì)此構(gòu)式進(jìn)行了研究。近年來，隨著國內(nèi)對(duì)認(rèn)知構(gòu)式語法的引入和實(shí)踐，“X什么X”構(gòu)式的研究也成為近期熱點(diǎn)之一。相對(duì)而言，前人對(duì)此構(gòu)式的研究大多是描述性的，雖然有部分研究涉及到了構(gòu)式語法的理論思想，國內(nèi)仍沒有學(xué)者從構(gòu)式語法角度深入分析此構(gòu)式的意義建構(gòu)過程和內(nèi)在認(rèn)知機(jī)制。 本文試圖以Goldberg的認(rèn)知構(gòu)式語法為理論基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)“X什么X”構(gòu)式進(jìn)行全面的認(rèn)知識(shí)解。 首先，根據(jù)Goldberg對(duì)構(gòu)式的定義以及構(gòu)式存在的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，驗(yàn)證“X什么X”構(gòu)式并不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是一個(gè)概念上的構(gòu)式。 其次，本文依據(jù)“基于用法模型”,自建語料庫，對(duì)“X什么X”構(gòu)式的大量實(shí)例進(jìn)行定量分析，得出兩個(gè)可行的分類：即祈使否定（“X1什么X1”構(gòu)式）和陳述否定（“X2什么X2”構(gòu)式），并總結(jié)兩類構(gòu)式的表層特征。 再次，對(duì)“X什么X”構(gòu)式的兩個(gè)主要次類分別進(jìn)行認(rèn)知語義分析，得出不同詞類進(jìn)入“X1什么X1”構(gòu)式會(huì)受到不同程度的構(gòu)式壓制，其中涉及不同類型的轉(zhuǎn)喻機(jī)制，這些認(rèn)知機(jī)制在構(gòu)式意義的建構(gòu)過程中起著重要作用；同時(shí)本人發(fā)現(xiàn)“X2什么X2”構(gòu)式的具體實(shí)例在不同情境下所表達(dá)的否定情緒呈現(xiàn)出一個(gè)由強(qiáng)到弱的連續(xù)統(tǒng)，相應(yīng)的主觀化程度也是由高到低的連續(xù)統(tǒng)，各層級(jí)之間沒有明顯界限，這也再次驗(yàn)證了認(rèn)知語言學(xué)中的原型范疇理念。 最后，本文嘗試總結(jié)“X什么X”構(gòu)式使用的限制條件。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些限制條件大多數(shù)是由情景語境觸發(fā)的。其中“X1什么X1”構(gòu)式的限制條件與各種認(rèn)知機(jī)制關(guān)聯(lián)較緊密；而“X2什么X2”構(gòu)式則在上下文語境方面的選擇上有較強(qiáng)的依賴性。
[Abstract]:There is a special expression "X what X" in Chinese, which is commonly used in informal oral communication, which mainly expresses the negative meaning and the discontent of the speaker. Since 1980's, more and more scholars have paid attention to this construction, mainly from the aspects of pronunciation, grammar, semantics, pragmatics and so on. In recent years, with the introduction and practice of cognitive construction grammar in China, the research on "X what X" has become one of the hotspots in recent years. Relatively speaking, most of the previous studies on this construction are descriptive, although some of the studies involve the theoretical thinking of constructional grammar. There are still no scholars in China to analyze the meaning construction process and internal cognitive mechanism of this construction from the perspective of constructional grammar. Based on Goldberg's Cognitive Constructional Grammar, this paper attempts to give a comprehensive knowledge-recognition solution to the "X-what-X" construction. First of all, according to Goldberg's definition of construct and judging criterion of its existence, it is proved that "X what X" is not a simple grammatical structure, but a conceptual construct. Secondly, based on the usage-based model, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of a large number of examples of the "X-what X" construction, which is based on the "usage-based model" and builds the corpus. Two feasible classifications are obtained: imperative negation ("X1 what X1" construct) and statement negation ("X2 what X2" construct), and the surface features of the two types of constructions are summarized. Thirdly, through the cognitive semantic analysis of the two main subclasses of the "X what X" construct, it is concluded that different parts of speech entering the "X 1 what X 1" construct will be suppressed to different degrees, which involves different types of metonymy mechanisms. These cognitive mechanisms play an important role in the construction of constructive meaning; At the same time, I find that the specific examples of "X2 what X2" construct show a continuum from strong to weak in different situations, and the corresponding degree of subjectivity is also from high to low continuum. There is no obvious boundary between different levels, which also proves the archetypal category concept in cognitive linguistics. Finally, this paper attempts to summarize the constraints of the use of "X what X" structure. According to the analysis results, it is found that most of these constraints are triggered by situational context. The constraints of the "X1 what X1" construct are closely related to various cognitive mechanisms, while the "X2 what X2" construct is strongly dependent on the choice of context.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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