【摘要】：量詞是現(xiàn)代漢語中十分重要的詞類,部分量詞含有豐富的形象色彩、語體色彩、感情色彩,這是漢語量詞的一大特色。本文以郭先珍先生《現(xiàn)代漢語量詞用法詞典》收錄的現(xiàn)代漢語常用量詞為研究對象,結(jié)合前人的研究,采用認(rèn)知分析、對比分析和語例分析等分析方法,較為全面地研究了量詞的色彩意義。 量詞的定義經(jīng)歷了不科學(xué)到科學(xué)的發(fā)展過程,量詞的定性經(jīng)歷了從作為其它詞類的附庸到成為獨(dú)立詞類的發(fā)展過程。量詞的定義、定性的過程雖然漫長,但意義重大。由于漢語語法結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)特性、量詞系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性和來源的多樣性,對量詞小類的劃分不能采用語法或語義的單一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也不能單一層次一分到底,量詞系統(tǒng)的劃分須采取多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、多層次的劃分方法。按照上述方法,量詞系統(tǒng)可以分為名量詞、動量詞和復(fù)合量詞三大類,其中名量詞可以劃分為個體量詞、集合量詞、部分量詞、度量衡量詞、順序量詞、種類量詞、容載量詞、臨時名量詞八類,動量詞可以劃分為專用動量詞和借用動量詞,復(fù)合量詞可以按其構(gòu)成要素分為名量詞組合型、動量詞組合型、名量詞和動量詞組合型。 現(xiàn)代漢語中部分個體量詞、集合量詞和動量詞含有豐富的形象色彩、語體色彩和感情色彩。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),量詞含有的三種色彩意義產(chǎn)生的原因并不相同。量詞形象色彩的產(chǎn)生主要源于量詞的借用機(jī)制,這種借用機(jī)制體現(xiàn)了人們的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)；根據(jù)認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的分析方法,可以將量詞的形象色彩分為外觀相似型、部分代整體型和動作相關(guān)型。量詞的語體色彩主要源于語言環(huán)境的影響,語言環(huán)境中特定的語言體式、風(fēng)格在量詞語體色彩產(chǎn)生的過程中起著主要作用；根據(jù)風(fēng)格的不同,可以將量詞的語體色彩分為口語語體色彩和書面語語體色彩,書面語語體色彩又可以分為政論語體色彩、文藝語體色彩等。有些量詞還含有豐富的感情色彩,量詞感情色彩的產(chǎn)生主要源于搭配對象褒貶屬性的影響；量詞的感情色彩可以分珍惜憐愛、尊敬贊揚(yáng)、貶低諷刺和夸張四種。量詞的色彩意義是制約名量搭配中量詞選擇的一個因素,在名量的線性組合中它又是名詞、(?)詞相互作用的一個焦點(diǎn)區(qū)域。 量詞色彩意義對于近義量詞的辨析也有很重要的作用。近義量詞的存在完善了量詞系統(tǒng),增強(qiáng)了量詞的表達(dá)能力。量詞的感情色彩和語體色彩是區(qū)分近義量詞的兩個重要方面。 現(xiàn)代漢語中量詞除充當(dāng)計(jì)量單位外還具有豐富的修辭作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),量詞修辭功能與量詞的色彩意義關(guān)系非常密切。從量詞色彩意義的三個方面看,量詞在形象描繪事物、準(zhǔn)確傳情達(dá)意、塑造人物個性、突出語體風(fēng)格等方面有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Quantifiers are very important parts of speech in modern Chinese. Some quantifiers contain rich image color, style color and emotion color, which is a major feature of Chinese quantifiers. This paper takes the commonly used quantifiers in modern Chinese included in Mr. Guo Xianzhen's Dictionary of usage of Modern Chinese quantifiers as the object of study, combined with previous studies, adopts cognitive analysis, contrastive analysis and case analysis, and so on. This paper studies the color meaning of quantifiers in an all-round way. The definition of quantifiers has gone through the process of development from unscientific to scientific, and the qualitative of quantifiers has undergone the development from being an appendage of other parts of speech to becoming an independent part of speech. Although the definition of quantifiers, qualitative process is long, but significant. Due to the uniqueness of Chinese grammatical structure, the complexity of quantifier system and the variety of sources, the classification of classifiers can not adopt a single standard of grammar or semantics, nor can it be divided into one level by one end. The classification of quantifier system must adopt multi-standard and multi-level division method. According to the above methods, the quantifier system can be divided into three categories: nominative quantifier, momentum quantifier and compound quantifier, in which nominative quantifier can be divided into individual quantifier, set quantifier, partial quantifier, measure word, sequential quantifier, category quantifier, capacity quantifier. Eight categories of temporary quantifiers, momentum words can be divided into special momentum words and borrowed momentum words. Compound quantifiers can be divided into nominal quantifier combination type, momentum word combination type, nominal quantifier and momentum word combination type according to their constituent elements. In modern Chinese, some individual quantifiers, aggregate quantifiers and momentum words contain rich color of image, style and emotion. It is found that the causes of the three color meanings in quantifiers are not the same. The origin of the color of quantifier image mainly comes from the borrowing mechanism of quantifier, which embodies the cognitive characteristics of people. According to the analysis method of cognitive linguistics, the image color of quantifiers can be divided into three types: similar appearance, partial integral and action-related. The stylistic color of quantifiers mainly stems from the influence of the linguistic environment. In the linguistic environment, the style of language plays a major role in the process of producing the stylistic color of quantifiers. According to the different styles, the language style color of quantifiers can be divided into spoken language style color and written language style color, and written language style color can also be divided into political criticism style color, literary language style color and so on. Some quantifiers also contain rich emotional color, the origin of which is mainly due to the influence of the attribute of the matching object, and the emotional color of the quantifier can be divided into four types: cherishing love, respecting praise, belittling satire and exaggeration. The color meaning of quantifiers is a factor that restricts the choice of quantifiers in the collocation of nominal quantities. In the linear combination of nominal quantities, it is also a noun, (?) A focal area of word interaction. The color meaning of quantifiers also plays an important role in the discrimination of synonym quantifiers. The existence of the synonym quantifier consummates the quantifier system and enhances the expression ability of the quantifier. The emotional color and stylistic color of quantifiers are two important aspects of distinguishing synonymous quantifiers. In modern Chinese, quantifiers not only act as units of measurement but also play a rich rhetorical role. It is found that the rhetorical function of quantifiers is closely related to the color meaning of quantifiers. From the three aspects of the color meaning of quantifiers, quantifiers play an important role in image depicting things, accurately conveying feelings, shaping the personality of characters, highlighting the style of language, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.2

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