【摘要】：漢語是世界上使用人數(shù)最多的語言，隨著中國改革開放以來國際地位的日益提高、經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展、綜合國力的日漸增強(qiáng)，國際上掀起了一股學(xué)習(xí)漢語的熱潮。為了使在華留學(xué)生更加順利地學(xué)習(xí)和掌握漢語，我們有必要在對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)中進(jìn)行深入研究和探討，尋求最佳的學(xué)習(xí)方法和教學(xué)途徑。作為臨近我國一衣帶水的日本，學(xué)習(xí)漢語的人數(shù)更是與日俱增。據(jù)國家漢辦統(tǒng)計(jì)，日本約有100萬人在學(xué)習(xí)漢語，漢語已經(jīng)成為繼英語之后的第二大外語。 歷史上，中國是有名的禮儀之邦，，不管是中華民族自身還是對(duì)外邦交，中國都以懂禮節(jié)著稱。日本同樣也以自己本國的禮節(jié)文化而聞名于世。但是在具體的禮貌語言行為上，中日又有很多不同的地方。為了更好的進(jìn)行對(duì)日漢語教學(xué)，分析中日兩國文化中關(guān)于禮貌問題的異同就變得尤為重要。本文以日本學(xué)生為研究對(duì)象，從中日禮貌用語各方面的對(duì)比研究出發(fā)，結(jié)合禮貌用語的相關(guān)理論，著重對(duì)中日禮貌用語及行為的差異性進(jìn)行對(duì)比，探討禮貌原則在對(duì)日漢語教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用以及禮貌用語在對(duì)日漢語教學(xué)課堂上的教學(xué)方法。 本文從寒暄語、致謝與道歉語、拒絕語、禁忌語幾個(gè)方面分別展示了漢語禮貌用語與日語禮貌用語，將兩種語言的差異性進(jìn)行對(duì)比，舉例說明在不同方面、不同場(chǎng)合下禮貌用語的具體用法。根據(jù)西方禮貌原則，簡(jiǎn)要分析了日漢禮貌用語在遵循禮貌原則方面的講究和特點(diǎn)。在對(duì)日漢語教學(xué)的課堂上，針對(duì)教材的不同特點(diǎn)以及學(xué)生的漢語語言水平，在學(xué)生的理解能力范圍內(nèi)對(duì)漢語禮貌用語和文化知識(shí)稍做鏈接，通過講授法、對(duì)比法、練習(xí)、列舉等方法，講練結(jié)合，在口語課和閱讀課上讓日本留學(xué)生對(duì)中國漢民族禮貌用語和文化有一個(gè)直觀的了解和感受，在此基礎(chǔ)之上，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生將漢語禮貌用語與他們自己國家的禮貌習(xí)慣進(jìn)行對(duì)比，從而更加鮮明的展現(xiàn)出不同點(diǎn)，記憶更加深刻。結(jié)合學(xué)生的具體情況、結(jié)合教材的特點(diǎn)，適時(shí)地對(duì)中日文化進(jìn)行比較，可以幫助學(xué)生更加順利地掌握漢語，使他們?cè)谶\(yùn)用漢語進(jìn)行交際時(shí)更加得心應(yīng)手。
[Abstract]:Chinese is the most widely used language in the world. With the improvement of international status, the development of economy and the increasing of comprehensive national strength, there has been an upsurge in learning Chinese in the world. In order to make students in China learn and master Chinese more smoothly, it is necessary for us to study and discuss Chinese as a foreign language in order to find the best learning method and teaching way. As Japan is close to our country, the number of people learning Chinese is increasing day by day. According to the National Office of Chinese Affairs, about 1 million people in Japan are learning Chinese, which has become the second largest foreign language after English. In history, China is a famous country of etiquette, whether it is the Chinese nation itself or foreign diplomatic relations, China is famous for understanding etiquette. Japan is also famous for its own culture of etiquette. However, there are many differences between China and Japan in the specific behavior of polite language. In order to teach Chinese to Japan better, it is very important to analyze the similarities and differences of politeness between Chinese and Japanese culture. This paper, taking Japanese students as the research object, makes a comparative study of the politeness terms between China and Japan, combining with the relevant theories of politeness terms, and emphatically contrasts the differences of politeness and behavior between China and Japan. This paper discusses the application of politeness principle in Japanese Chinese teaching and the teaching method of politeness language in Japanese Chinese teaching class. This paper shows the politeness between Chinese and Japanese from the aspects of pleasantries, thanks and apology, refusal and taboos, and compares the differences of the two languages with examples in different aspects. The specific use of politeness in different situations. According to the western politeness principle, this paper briefly analyzes the emphasis and characteristics of Japanese and Chinese politeness in following politeness principle. In the classroom of teaching Chinese to Japan, according to the different characteristics of the teaching material and the students' Chinese language level, in the scope of the students' understanding ability, make a little link to the Chinese polite language and cultural knowledge, through the teaching method, the contrast method, the practice. By enumerating methods such as teaching and practicing, Japanese students can have an intuitive understanding and experience of the polite language and culture of the Chinese nationality in spoken and reading classes. On this basis, To guide students to compare Chinese politeness with the politeness habits of their own country, so as to show the differences and memorize more vividly. Combining with the students' specific conditions and the characteristics of the teaching materials, this paper makes a timely comparison of the Chinese and Japanese cultures, which can help the students to master Chinese more smoothly and make them more comfortable in using Chinese to communicate with each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3

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