【摘要】：體貌問題研究一直是語法研究中的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是難點(diǎn)之一。以往的研究雖然在很多方面取得了重要進(jìn)展，但是對(duì)于體貌范疇中一個(gè)十分重要的次范疇——結(jié)果體，學(xué)界對(duì)其關(guān)注甚少。有鑒于此，我們將現(xiàn)代漢語結(jié)果體作為本文的研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其內(nèi)涵及性質(zhì)進(jìn)行概括和闡釋，并且提出鑒別結(jié)果體標(biāo)記詞的四條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以此來廓清結(jié)果體標(biāo)記詞的范圍。除此以外，文章最后還以結(jié)果體“掉”為個(gè)案研究，對(duì)其進(jìn)行了句法功能及語用上的描寫分析，以期進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)結(jié)果體在共時(shí)平面上的認(rèn)識(shí)。 全文共分五章。 第一章是緒論部分。主要介紹了本文的選題緣起，理論背景，研究對(duì)象，研究方法，章節(jié)安排及語料來源。在理論背景部分著重闡明了以下幾個(gè)問題：一是明確了本文所要研究的結(jié)果體屬于“語法體”的一種，是由句法平面上的語法標(biāo)記來表現(xiàn)的體范疇。它必須是已經(jīng)完全虛化，只表示語法意義的助詞。二是通過對(duì)以往體范疇研究的梳理，明確了考察體意義必須要結(jié)合句子，，雖然動(dòng)詞是體意義的主要體現(xiàn)者，但卻不是唯一的。三是明確了體與動(dòng)詞、情狀類型之間的選擇制約關(guān)系。 第二章對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語結(jié)果體的內(nèi)涵及其性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了概括和闡釋。首先，對(duì)前人關(guān)于現(xiàn)代漢語結(jié)果體的研究做一綜述，繼而在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，提出結(jié)果體的內(nèi)涵：“結(jié)果體表達(dá)的是對(duì)事件在時(shí)間的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中完成并且有了結(jié)果的這一階段的觀察方式。”并對(duì)這一概念加以解釋。其次，提出了現(xiàn)代漢語結(jié)果體的三個(gè)性質(zhì)：非完整體、動(dòng)態(tài)性、界變性，并且對(duì)這三個(gè)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地闡釋。最后，根據(jù)結(jié)果體的內(nèi)涵及性質(zhì)，對(duì)其所能參與構(gòu)成的情狀類型進(jìn)行了論證。 第三章是對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語結(jié)果體標(biāo)記詞的確立。文章在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)如何判別現(xiàn)代漢語結(jié)果體的標(biāo)記詞提出了四條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即（1）詞義已經(jīng)虛化，只表示語法意義，不表示詞匯意義，動(dòng)詞（形容詞）與體標(biāo)記之間不能有“因V而X”的因果語義關(guān)系；（2）在句中不能指派論元；（3）不能單獨(dú)對(duì)是非疑問句進(jìn)行回答；（4）具有[+完成][+結(jié)果]的語義特征，不能用“著”進(jìn)行替換。然后根據(jù)這四條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)具有結(jié)果意義的虛化結(jié)果補(bǔ)語和趨向補(bǔ)語進(jìn)行一一剝離，從而確立出結(jié)果體的標(biāo)記詞。分別是從結(jié)果補(bǔ)語中剝離出來的“掉、著（zháo）”和從趨向補(bǔ)語中剝離出來的“上、上來、下、下來、起、起來、到”，共計(jì)九個(gè)。最后文章還對(duì)結(jié)果體標(biāo)記與實(shí)現(xiàn)體標(biāo)記“了”進(jìn)行了比較分析，以此加深對(duì)結(jié)果體意義的理解。 第四章是對(duì)結(jié)果體的個(gè)案研究。我們選取“掉”作為個(gè)案，對(duì)其進(jìn)行共時(shí)平面上句法功能和語用上的描寫、以及參與構(gòu)成情狀類型的分析，并且對(duì)其虛化的機(jī)制進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)母爬ā?第五章是結(jié)語部分。對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了梳理和總結(jié)，指出本文的創(chuàng)新及不足，并且對(duì)日后有待繼續(xù)研究的問題提出了展望。
[Abstract]:The study of body appearance has always been a hot topic in grammar research, and it is also one of the difficult points. Although the previous studies have made important progress in many aspects, the academic circles pay little attention to a very important sub-category in the category of body appearance, the result body. In view of this, we take the result aspect of modern Chinese as the object of this paper, generalize and explain its connotation and nature, and propose four criteria for distinguishing the result aspect marker to clarify the scope of the result aspect marker. In addition, the article also takes the result aspect "drop" as a case study, and analyzes its syntactic function and pragmatics in order to further deepen the understanding of the result aspect in the synchronic plane. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the origin, theoretical background, research object, research method, chapter arrangement and corpus source of this paper. In the theoretical background, the following problems are emphasized: first, it is clear that the result aspect is a kind of "grammatical aspect", which is represented by grammatical markers on the syntactic plane. It must be an auxiliary word that has been completely empty and represents only grammatical meaning. Secondly, by combing the past aspect category research, it is clear that the aspect meaning must be combined with sentences. Although verbs are the main embodiment of aspect meaning, they are not the only ones. Thirdly, it clarifies the relationship between the choice of aspect and verb and the type of situation. The second chapter generalizes and explains the connotation and nature of the outcome aspect in modern Chinese. First of all, it summarizes the previous researches on the outcome aspect of modern Chinese, and then on the basis of the previous research results, The connotation of the result body is put forward: "the result body expresses the way of observing the stage in which the event is completed in the process of development of time and the result is obtained." And to explain this concept. Secondly, three properties of the result aspect of modern Chinese are put forward: non-complete whole, dynamic and bounded, and the three properties are explained in detail. Finally, according to the connotation and nature of the resultant body, it demonstrates the type of the situation which it can participate in. The third chapter is about the establishment of the result aspect markers in modern Chinese. On the basis of previous studies, this paper puts forward four criteria for distinguishing the markers of the result aspect of modern Chinese: (1) the meaning of the word has become empty and only means the grammatical meaning, not the lexical meaning; There is no causal semantic relation between verb (adjective) and aspect marker. (2) the argument can not be assigned in the sentence; (3) the non-interrogative sentence can not be answered alone; (4) the semantic feature of [complete] [result] can not be replaced by "Ze". Then according to these four criteria, we peel off one by one the empty resultant complement and the directional complement with the result meaning, and then establish the marker word of the result aspect. They are "zh 謾 o" from the resultant complement and "up" from the directional complement, up, down, up, nine. Finally, a comparative analysis is made between the result volume marker and the realized volume marker in order to better understand the meaning of the result volume. The fourth chapter is a case study of the outcome body. We choose "drop" as a case study, describe synchronic syntactic functions and pragmatics, and analyze the types of situation formation, and make an appropriate summary of its empty mechanism. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This paper reviews and summarizes the content of this paper, points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper, and puts forward the prospect of the problems to be studied in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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本文編號(hào)：2385061