【摘要】：被動范疇是各種語言中普遍存在的語法范疇。對于被動意義的表達(dá)，在不同語言中卻并不相同。在漢語和俄語中，被動結(jié)構(gòu)的表達(dá)和使用，既有相同之處，又有明顯差異。通過分析比較，揭示俄漢語間被動結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)性和差異性，無論是從母語本體研究角度還是第二語言教學(xué)研究角度，都有重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文先分別將漢語和俄語中被動句依據(jù)不同的標(biāo)記分類，進(jìn)行分析論述。通過對俄漢被動結(jié)構(gòu)的對比研究，聯(lián)系二者在結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、語義特征、語用功能和語體修辭色彩方面的異同之處，針對對外漢語教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)問題及留學(xué)生偏誤現(xiàn)象，以有助于做出有效分析及解決方案的擬定。 本文共分為六章。 第一章緒論簡要的敘述了研究漢俄語中被動結(jié)構(gòu)的目的和意義、研究范圍、內(nèi)容和方法，并分別介紹了前人對漢語被動句、俄語被動結(jié)構(gòu)的研究概況和現(xiàn)狀。 第二章主要介紹分析了俄語中被動結(jié)構(gòu)的使用和表達(dá)，，將不同標(biāo)記形式作為分析研究的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，主要是：帶－С Я動詞，被動形動詞短尾及動詞的第三人稱或過去時(shí)形式。在俄語中，被動態(tài)意義的表達(dá)形式受到謂語動詞的“性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)、體”的影響，形式不同意義上也有所差別。 第三章分類研究了漢語中被動句的用法。主要分為：“被”字句及其變體，“遭、受、挨”字句和“是......的”被動句。并將“被”字句作為本章研究的重點(diǎn)。 第四章是關(guān)于俄漢被動結(jié)構(gòu)的對比研究，通過俄漢語間雙向?qū)Ρ龋瑥慕Y(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、語義特征、語用功能和語體修辭色彩方面這四個(gè)方面找出了二者的關(guān)聯(lián)和差異。 第五章主要討論了在對外漢語教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)的問題，并通過分析HSK動態(tài)作文語料庫中檢索到的俄羅斯學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤例句，考察母語負(fù)遷移對他們學(xué)習(xí)漢語被動句的影響。針對不同水平的教學(xué)對象提出相應(yīng)的教學(xué)建議。 第六章為本文的結(jié)論，對全文進(jìn)行了簡潔的概括總結(jié)，同時(shí)指出論文中的不足，及下一階段需要進(jìn)行的工作內(nèi)容。 本文主要以漢俄語被動結(jié)構(gòu)對比為重點(diǎn)，不但注重表達(dá)功能上的差異，更注重句法層面的對比；既有內(nèi)容的描寫，也有實(shí)例的解釋。
[Abstract]:Passive category is a universal grammatical category in various languages. The expression of passive meaning is not the same in different languages. In Chinese and Russian, the expression and use of passive structures have similarities and differences. Through the analysis and comparison, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to reveal the relativity and difference of passive structure between Russian and Chinese, both from the perspective of mother tongue ontology research and second language teaching research. In this paper, the passive sentences in Chinese and Russian are classified according to different markers. Through the contrastive study of the passive structure in Russian and Chinese, the similarities and differences between them in the structural characteristics, semantic features, pragmatic functions and rhetorical colors of the style are discussed. Aiming at the problems of passive structure teaching and foreign students' errors in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, it is helpful to make effective analysis and solution. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter briefly describes the purpose and significance of the study of passive structure in Chinese and Russian, the scope, content and methods of the study, and introduces the current situation of the previous researches on passive sentence and passive structure in Russian. The second chapter mainly introduces and analyzes the use and expression of passive structures in Russian. Different marker forms are used as the classification criteria for analysis and research. The main classification criteria are as follows: banding verb, passive verb short tail and the third person or past tense form of verb. In Russian, the expression of the dynamic meaning is influenced by the "nature, number, case, tense, aspect" of the predicate verb. Chapter three studies the usage of passive sentences in Chinese. Mainly divided into: "Bei" and its variants, "suffer, receive, receive" and "yes." Passive sentence And take the word "be" as the focus of this chapter. The fourth chapter is a contrastive study on the passive structure between Russian and Chinese. Through the two-way comparison between Russian and Chinese, the author finds out the relationship and difference between the two from the aspects of structural characteristics, semantic features, pragmatic functions and rhetorical color. The fifth chapter mainly discusses the problems in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and analyzes the examples of Russian students' passive structural errors found in the HSK dynamic composition corpus. To investigate the influence of negative transfer of mother tongue on their learning Chinese passive sentences. The corresponding teaching suggestions are put forward for different teaching objects. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of this paper. It summarizes the whole paper briefly and points out the deficiency of the paper and the work to be done in the next stage. This paper focuses on the comparison of passive structures in Chinese and Russian, not only on the differences in expression function, but also on the comparison of syntactic level, as well as on the description of content and the explanation of examples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H195

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