《說文》親屬稱謂研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-14 23:30
【摘要】：親屬稱謂是指以血緣或姻緣為體系，以婚姻家庭為中心的包括家族親屬和族外親屬在內(nèi)的親屬間的稱謂�！兑住ば蜇詡鳌罚骸坝心信缓笥蟹驄D，有夫婦然后有父子�！彼�，人倫始于男女結為夫婦，形成婚姻關系，他們再生兒育女，血親關系逐漸擴展，稱謂問題自然就應運而生。因此，親屬稱謂是伴隨著人類親屬群體的出現(xiàn)而出現(xiàn)，并隨著社會的發(fā)展而變化。影響中國數(shù)千年的宗法制度的存在，讓以血緣關系和姻親關系為基礎的男尊女卑長幼有序的文化傳統(tǒng)也傳承了幾千年，與此相對應的是親屬稱謂詞的繁多和復雜。梁章鉅在《稱謂錄》自序中指出：“古人稱謂，各有差等，不相假借，其名號蓋定于周公制禮之時……厥后世代愈積，稱謂愈繁�！雹� 語言是文化的載體，因此，社會的變化會在語言中有相對應的反應，這種變化在詞匯上表現(xiàn)地更為明顯。王希杰曾指出：“語言又在本質上區(qū)別于其他文化，這表現(xiàn)為它同時又是文化的載體，它記錄了人類文化，它本身就是一個人類的文化世界，語言和文化是相互影響和制約的。一方面，文化影響制約著語言的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展；另一方面語言也影響著文化的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和傳播�！睗h語親屬稱謂詞是標明漢民族血緣以及婚姻關系的語言符號，親屬稱謂詞作為詞匯中較為穩(wěn)定的一部分，更能表現(xiàn)出民族文化的特征。 成書于東漢的《說文解字》（以下簡稱《說文》）一書，是我國第一部以六書理論系統(tǒng)地分析字形、解釋字義的字典，是中國語言學史上的一部巨著。它比較客觀地分析了字的本義，這些字義大都反映了商周時期以及史前和兩漢時期的社會文化觀念。許慎在《說文》中對一些親屬稱謂詞作了釋義，使我們在了解這些親屬稱謂詞的本義的基礎上，，更好地探究它們演變的方式。本文以親屬稱謂研究和古漢語詞匯研究的基本理論作為指導，以《說文》中的親屬稱謂詞為研究對象，考察分析漢語親屬稱謂詞的發(fā)展演變情況。文章將其分為三大類：指稱男性親屬的稱謂詞、指稱女性親屬的稱謂詞以及統(tǒng)稱男性和女性親屬的稱謂詞，每一大類又按輩分、長幼不同分為長輩親屬稱謂、同輩親屬稱謂和晚輩親屬稱謂，并對每一個親屬稱謂詞進行了歷時的闡釋，揭示了親屬稱謂同中國宗親制度的關系，以及由此反映出的親屬關系、宗法制度、婚姻制度以及社會文化之變化等，以期把握漢民族親屬稱謂的文化內(nèi)涵。
[Abstract]:Kinship appellation refers to the appellation between relatives, including family relatives and non-clan relatives, with blood or marriage as the system and marriage and family as the center. "there are men and women, then there are couples, there are couples and then there are fathers and sons." Therefore, the relationship between men and women began as a couple, forming a marriage relationship, they have children, blood and kinship gradually expanded, the problem of appellation naturally came into being. Therefore, kinship appellation appears with the appearance of human kinship group and changes with the development of society. The existence of patriarchal clan system, which has influenced China for thousands of years, has made the cultural tradition of men superior to women long and orderly based on consanguinity and in-laws inherit for thousands of years, corresponding to the multiplicity and complexity of kinship appellations. In his preface to the title Book, Liang Zhangju pointed out: "the ancient appellations were different and did not borrow from each other, and their names were fixed at the time of Zhou's formal ceremony." "1 language is the carrier of culture, so the social change will have a corresponding response in language, and this change is more obvious in vocabulary. Wang Xijie once pointed out: "language is essentially different from other cultures, which is the carrier of culture at the same time. It records human culture, and it itself is a world of human culture, and language and culture influence and restrict each other." On the one hand, the influence of culture restricts the generation and development of language; on the other hand, language also affects the generation, development and dissemination of culture. " Chinese kinship appellations are linguistic symbols which indicate the blood relationship and marriage relationship of the Han nationality. As a relatively stable part of the vocabulary, the kinship appellations can show the characteristics of national culture. The book "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" (hereinafter referred to as Shuo Wen), written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the first dictionary in China to systematically analyze and explain the form and meaning of characters with the theory of six books. It is a great work in the history of Chinese linguistics. It objectively analyzes the original meaning of characters, which mostly reflect the social and cultural concepts of Shang and Zhou dynasties, prehistoric period and Han Dynasty. Xu Shen interprets some relative appellations in Shuo Wen, which makes us understand the meaning of these kinship appellations and probe into the way of their evolvement. Under the guidance of the basic theory of kinship appellation research and ancient Chinese lexical study, this paper takes the kinship appellation words in Shuo Wen as the research object, and investigates and analyzes the development and evolution of Chinese kinship appellations. The article divides it into three categories: the appellation words referring to male relatives, the appellations referring to female relatives, and the appellations collectively referred to as male and female relatives. The kinship appellation of the same generation and the kinship appellation of the younger generation are explained diachronically, and the relationship between the kinship appellation and the patriarchal system in China is revealed, as well as the kinship relation and patriarchal system reflected therefrom. The marriage system and the change of social culture are expected to grasp the cultural connotation of the kinship appellation of Han nationality.
【學位授予單位】：湖北師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H161
[Abstract]:Kinship appellation refers to the appellation between relatives, including family relatives and non-clan relatives, with blood or marriage as the system and marriage and family as the center. "there are men and women, then there are couples, there are couples and then there are fathers and sons." Therefore, the relationship between men and women began as a couple, forming a marriage relationship, they have children, blood and kinship gradually expanded, the problem of appellation naturally came into being. Therefore, kinship appellation appears with the appearance of human kinship group and changes with the development of society. The existence of patriarchal clan system, which has influenced China for thousands of years, has made the cultural tradition of men superior to women long and orderly based on consanguinity and in-laws inherit for thousands of years, corresponding to the multiplicity and complexity of kinship appellations. In his preface to the title Book, Liang Zhangju pointed out: "the ancient appellations were different and did not borrow from each other, and their names were fixed at the time of Zhou's formal ceremony." "1 language is the carrier of culture, so the social change will have a corresponding response in language, and this change is more obvious in vocabulary. Wang Xijie once pointed out: "language is essentially different from other cultures, which is the carrier of culture at the same time. It records human culture, and it itself is a world of human culture, and language and culture influence and restrict each other." On the one hand, the influence of culture restricts the generation and development of language; on the other hand, language also affects the generation, development and dissemination of culture. " Chinese kinship appellations are linguistic symbols which indicate the blood relationship and marriage relationship of the Han nationality. As a relatively stable part of the vocabulary, the kinship appellations can show the characteristics of national culture. The book "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" (hereinafter referred to as Shuo Wen), written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the first dictionary in China to systematically analyze and explain the form and meaning of characters with the theory of six books. It is a great work in the history of Chinese linguistics. It objectively analyzes the original meaning of characters, which mostly reflect the social and cultural concepts of Shang and Zhou dynasties, prehistoric period and Han Dynasty. Xu Shen interprets some relative appellations in Shuo Wen, which makes us understand the meaning of these kinship appellations and probe into the way of their evolvement. Under the guidance of the basic theory of kinship appellation research and ancient Chinese lexical study, this paper takes the kinship appellation words in Shuo Wen as the research object, and investigates and analyzes the development and evolution of Chinese kinship appellations. The article divides it into three categories: the appellation words referring to male relatives, the appellations referring to female relatives, and the appellations collectively referred to as male and female relatives. The kinship appellation of the same generation and the kinship appellation of the younger generation are explained diachronically, and the relationship between the kinship appellation and the patriarchal system in China is revealed, as well as the kinship relation and patriarchal system reflected therefrom. The marriage system and the change of social culture are expected to grasp the cultural connotation of the kinship appellation of Han nationality.
【學位授予單位】：湖北師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H161
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