【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語指人類后綴是類后綴中占據(jù)重要地位的一部分。為了對(duì)指人類后綴教學(xué)有所裨益,本研究基于第二語言教學(xué)環(huán)境,檢索了對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)大綱、對(duì)外漢語教材、工具書等書面語料,以及電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等新媒體,甄選了42個(gè)常見指人類后綴,并根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)使用情況及二語環(huán)境下的漢語教學(xué)要求進(jìn)行劃分,歸納出“開放式”指人類后綴及“半開放式”指人類后綴,又從綴義角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行細(xì)分,梳理并闡釋其語義特征,分析其綴化過程及程度,并概括其組合特征。我們得出以下結(jié)論：(1)“半開放式”指人類后綴虛化層級(jí)較單一,展現(xiàn)實(shí)語素和虛語素特征的能力相當(dāng),綴義受源義影響較大,部分詞已進(jìn)入詞匯系統(tǒng)；(2)“開放式”指人類后綴虛化層級(jí)較多,展現(xiàn)虛語素特征及構(gòu)成新詞的能力更勝一籌；(3)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞打破了詞匯發(fā)展的平衡,突變?cè)炀偷闹溉祟惡缶Y引發(fā)了大量新詞的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展。 另一方面,基于既有研究,本研究考察了漢語學(xué)習(xí)者指人類后綴的認(rèn)知、理解及運(yùn)用情況。其一,認(rèn)知情況調(diào)查從42個(gè)指人類后綴出發(fā),印證了本研究在二語教學(xué)環(huán)境下對(duì)指人類后綴的分類及闡釋,得出以下結(jié)果：認(rèn)知率總體相對(duì)較高的大多為“開放式”綴,但“半開放式”綴中,教學(xué)有所要求及社會(huì)語境推進(jìn)的語例認(rèn)知率則明顯上升。其二,基于認(rèn)知情況調(diào)查,考察漢語學(xué)習(xí)者在限定性語境中對(duì)指人類后綴的理解情況,得出相應(yīng)結(jié)果：認(rèn)知率越高,理解情況越好；認(rèn)知率雖不高,但教學(xué)有所要求的,理解情況則相對(duì)好轉(zhuǎn)。同時(shí),筆者還檢索了HSK動(dòng)態(tài)作文語料庫(kù)及華東師范大學(xué)留學(xué)生作文語料,考察漢語學(xué)習(xí)者在自由語境中對(duì)指人類后綴的自主運(yùn)用情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)偏誤主要集中在“人”,而其他指人類后綴則由于學(xué)習(xí)者的無意識(shí)規(guī)避,并沒有呈現(xiàn)出規(guī)律,可見二語教學(xué)中指人類后綴的教學(xué)和研究仍有待深化。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese refers to human suffixes as an important part of class suffixes. In order to be of benefit to the teaching of suffixes to human beings, this study, based on the second language teaching environment, searched the syllabus for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language, reference books, and new media such as television and the Internet. This paper selects 42 common suffixes of human beings and classifies them according to the actual usage and the Chinese teaching requirements in the second language environment, and concludes that "open" means human suffixes and "semi-open" means human suffixes. From the perspective of affix meaning, it is subdivided, combed and explained its semantic features, analyzed its affix process and degree, and summarized its combination characteristics. We draw the following conclusions: (1) "semi-open" refers to the fact that the human suffixes are of a single level, with the same ability to display the features of realistic morphemes and virtual morphemes, and that the suffix meanings are greatly influenced by the source meanings, and some words have entered the lexical system; (2) "Open" refers to the fact that there are many levels of suffix vacuity, showing the features of empty morpheme and the ability of forming new words. (3) Network neologisms break the balance of lexical development, and sudden changes in the suffixes of human beings lead to the emergence and development of a large number of new words. On the other hand, based on the existing research, this study examines the cognition, understanding and application of Chinese learners referring to human suffixes. First of all, the cognitive survey starts from 42 human suffixes, which confirms the classification and interpretation of human suffixes in the second language teaching environment. The results are as follows: most of the relatively high cognitive rates are "open" affixes. But in semi-open affixes, the cognitive rate of examples with teaching requirements and social context advancing is obviously increased. Secondly, based on the cognitive survey, this paper investigates Chinese learners' understanding of human suffixes in the restricted context, and draws the corresponding results: the higher the cognitive rate, the better the understanding; Although the cognitive rate is not high, but the teaching requirements, understanding is relatively improved. At the same time, the author also retrieves the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the composition data of foreign students in East China normal University, and investigates the autonomous application of Chinese learners to the suffixes of human beings in the free context. It is found that the errors are mainly focused on "people". The others refer to human suffixes because of the learners' unconscious circumvention, and there are no rules, so we can see that the teaching and research of human suffixes in L2 teaching still need to be deepened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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本文編號(hào)：2297635