【摘要】：“快XP了”是口語中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)之一。本文研究“快XP了”這一結(jié)構(gòu),從歷時角度分析該結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的來源及“快”在結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛化過程,同時考察該結(jié)構(gòu)的句法語義特征和表達(dá)功能,并從量范疇的角度出發(fā),論證該結(jié)構(gòu)的表量功能以及表意上的主觀性。 本文主要包括緒論、主體和結(jié)論三大部分。 緒論部分主要闡述本文選題的意義和目的,國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀以及本文研究的范圍和方法等。主體部分包括第二章至第五章。 第二章從共時平面角度分析“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)。首先,根據(jù)XP的性質(zhì)將“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)分為四類,即XP為動詞性結(jié)構(gòu)、XP為形容詞性結(jié)構(gòu)、XP為名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)和XP為零形式,進行細(xì)致描寫。然后分析“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能,并描寫在特定情況下的“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)的變式“快XP"。 第三章從歷時出發(fā),考察“快”的虛化過程,認(rèn)為“快”由本義“高興、暢快”到“快速”義的虛化為“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)的原型結(jié)構(gòu)“S快了”的形成奠定了語義基礎(chǔ)；而“S快了”結(jié)構(gòu)的形成為“快”由“快速”義進而向“將要”義的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件；“將要”義的固化是“快”由謂語位置向狀語位置轉(zhuǎn)變并最后副詞化成功的前提。同時運用認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,論證“快”的虛化及結(jié)構(gòu)中“將要”義的產(chǎn)生是通過隱喻實現(xiàn)的。 第四章分析“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)在時間范疇和量范疇下的語義功能,認(rèn)為在時間范疇下,“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)表示的是“未然體短時”義的概念,并分析“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種語義參數(shù)模式；當(dāng)“快XP了”被置于量范疇之中時,結(jié)構(gòu)主要表現(xiàn)的是對未然情狀的“接近”義。最后得出“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)表“未然短時”的時間義具有向“接近某程度量值”的程度義轉(zhuǎn)化的趨勢。 第五章在第四章的基礎(chǔ)上,從主觀性與主觀量的角度出發(fā),分析“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)具有的主觀性并與“主觀大量”表意和諧的特性,用“接近”概念證明其與主觀大量表意和諧的原因,最后借鑒前景背景理論分析“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)傳達(dá)信息時焦點的“隱退—突顯”過程。 最后一章為結(jié)論和余論,對“快XP了”結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)功能進行了總結(jié),提出了本文寫作的不足和有待進一步研究的課題。
[Abstract]:"soon XP" is one of the commonly used structures in spoken English. In this paper, we study the structure of "fast XP", analyze the origin of the structure from a diachronic point of view and the process of "fast" in the structure. At the same time, we study the syntactic and semantic features and expressive functions of the structure, and start from the perspective of quantitative category. This paper demonstrates the function of the structure and the subjectivity of the ideographic meaning. This article mainly includes the introduction, the main body and the conclusion three major parts. The introduction part mainly expounds the significance and purpose of this paper, the research status at home and abroad and the scope and methods of this study. The main part includes the second to fifth chapters. In the second chapter, the structure of "fast XP" is analyzed from the angle of synchronic plane. Firstly, according to the nature of XP, the "fast XP" structure is divided into four categories: XP is a verb structure, XP is an adjective structure, XP is a nominal structure and XP is a zero form. Then the syntactic function of the "fast XP" structure is analyzed, and the variant "fast XP" of the "fast XP" structure is described under certain circumstances. The third chapter, from the diachronic point of view, examines the vacuity process of "fast", and thinks that the "fast" from "happy" to "quick" to "fast" is a semantic foundation for the formation of the prototype structure "S fast" of "fast XP" structure. The formation of "S fast" structure creates conditions for the development of "fast" meaning from "fast" to "about", and the solidification of "will" is the premise of "quick" transition from predicate position to adverbial position and the final adverb to success. At the same time, by using the relevant theories of cognitive linguistics, it is demonstrated that the nihilization of "fast" and the production of "will" in structure are realized through metaphor. The fourth chapter analyzes the semantic function of "fast XP" structure under the category of time and quantity, and points out that "fast XP" structure represents the concept of "short term of preexisting body" in the category of time. Two semantic parameter models of "fast XP" structure are analyzed. When "almost XP" is placed in the category of quantity, the structure mainly expresses the meaning of "proximity" to the preexisting situation. Finally, it is concluded that the time meaning of "fast XP" structure table "prematurely short" has the tendency to transform to the degree meaning of "close to a certain degree value". On the basis of the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter analyzes the subjectivity of the structure of "fast XP" from the perspective of subjectivity and subjective quantity, and harmonizes with the meaning of "subjective mass". The concept of "proximity" is used to prove the reason of its harmony with a large number of subjective ideas. Finally, the process of "retreat-prominence" of the focus in the structure of "fast XP" is analyzed by reference to the foreground background theory. The last chapter is the conclusion and the conclusion, summarizes the structure and function of "fast XP" structure, and puts forward the deficiency of this paper and the subject to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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