【摘要】：介詞是漢語的重要表意手段之一，它附著于體詞性詞語之前，標(biāo)記該體詞與句子謂語動詞的語義關(guān)系。大部分介詞是由動詞虛化而來，由于虛化的不徹底性，從而出現(xiàn)了一些詞語同時兼有動詞和介詞兩種詞性。 本文從“使”字句中“使”的詞性劃分入手，結(jié)合認(rèn)知語言學(xué)范疇理論來分析表示致使義的“使”的詞性，力求解決“使”在詞性上的爭議問題。同時從語法化演變的角度梳理“使”的詞性演變歷程及“使”字句作為致使義標(biāo)志句式的形成過程，得出“使”詞性的動態(tài)特征，“使”最初是表示“出使”的動詞，經(jīng)過詞義引申、致使義泛化、動詞性弱化等一系列演變發(fā)展，目前仍舊處于虛化過程之中，兼有動詞的語義和介詞的語法特征，動詞性非常弱，介詞特征明顯，是一個處于虛化過程末端的爭議性詞語。 在明確“使”詞性特征的基礎(chǔ)上，本文展開對“使”字句多層面的深入分析，主要從“使”字句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)、構(gòu)成成分、語義內(nèi)涵、語用功能四個角度入手，結(jié)合大量的例句，通過橫向、縱向的對比，透徹整合“使”字句的語法語義語用特征。通過對介詞短語的句法功能的分析，得出“使”字句是一個以介詞短語作謂語的介詞謂語句。將“使”字句分為前段、中段、后段三個部分，詳細(xì)描述了各個部分的構(gòu)成成分及成分特點(diǎn)，以求明確“使”字句作為特殊介詞標(biāo)記句式的句式特征。同時本文詳細(xì)分析了致使的語義內(nèi)涵，，區(qū)別了致使關(guān)系和因果關(guān)系、致使主體和致使原因等語義概念，完善了致使的語義功能分類，論述了“使”字句的省略、語序、倒裝等語用問題。 深入分析“使”字句內(nèi)部特征后，本文總結(jié)了表達(dá)致使意義的多種致使結(jié)構(gòu)，通過語義語用的對比，深入剖析了“使”字句與其他致使結(jié)構(gòu)的共通與差異，從而得到“使”字句在表達(dá)致使意義上的優(yōu)勢同時從歷史發(fā)展角度描述了“使”字句發(fā)展歷程，并且詳細(xì)描述了各個發(fā)展階段的語義和句法特征,以達(dá)到從橫向和縱向兩個維度分析之所以“使”字句能夠取代其他致使結(jié)構(gòu)最終成為典型致使標(biāo)記句式的原因。
[Abstract]:Preposition is one of the important ideographic means in Chinese. It is attached to the aspect word and marks the semantic relationship between the aspect word and the sentence predicate verb. The majority of prepositions come from the verbalism. Because of the inthoroughness, some words have both verb and prepositional parts of speech at the same time. This paper begins with the division of the part of speech in the sentence of "Zheng", analyzes the part of speech of the causative meaning by combining the category theory of cognitive linguistics, and tries to solve the controversial problem of "Zheng" in the aspect of part of speech. At the same time, from the angle of grammaticalization evolution, this paper combs the evolvement course of the part of speech and the forming process of the sentence of "making" as a sentence of causative meaning, and obtains the dynamic characteristics of the part of speech and the verb of "making" at first. Through the extension of word meaning, resulting in a series of evolution and development, such as generalization of meaning and weakening of verb, it is still in the process of vacuity at present, and it has the semantic and grammatical characteristics of preposition, the verb is very weak, and the preposition is obvious. It is a controversial word at the end of the empty process. On the basis of defining the characteristics of "Zheng", this paper makes a deep analysis of the "Zheng" sentence from four angles: syntactic structure, composition, semantic connotation and pragmatic function, combining with a large number of examples. Through horizontal and vertical contrast, the grammatical and semantic features of the sentence are thoroughly integrated. Based on the analysis of the syntactic function of prepositional phrases, it is concluded that "Zheng" sentence is a prepositional predicate sentence with prepositional phrase as predicate. This paper divides the sentence into three parts: the former, the middle and the latter. The composition and characteristics of each part are described in detail in order to clarify the structural characteristics of the sentence as a special preposition. At the same time, this paper analyzes the semantic connotation of causation in detail, distinguishes the semantic concepts of causation and causality, causes subject and causation, consummates the classification of semantic functions of causation, and discusses the omission and word order of "cause". Pragmatic problems such as inversion. After deeply analyzing the internal characteristics of "Zheng" sentence, this paper summarizes the various causative structures expressing causative meaning, and through the comparison of semantic pragmatics, deeply analyzes the similarities and differences between "Zheng" sentence and other causative structures. Thus, the advantages of the sentence in expressing causative meaning are obtained. At the same time, from the perspective of historical development, the development course of the sentence is described, and the semantic and syntactic characteristics of each stage of development are described in detail. In order to achieve from the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the analysis of the "make" sentence can replace other causative structure and eventually become the typical causative marker sentence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉忠華;現(xiàn)代漢語“使”字句與一般兼語句的區(qū)別[J];廣西社會科學(xué);2005年07期

2 周紅;;漢語致使問題研究動態(tài)[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);2005年06期

3 張?jiān)シ?;關(guān)于現(xiàn)代漢語致使態(tài)的思考[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);2007年06期

4 麻彩霞;;現(xiàn)代漢語介詞語法化研究述評[J];漢字文化;2009年01期

5 陳昌來;論現(xiàn)代漢語的致使結(jié)構(gòu)[J];井岡山師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2001年03期

6 熊學(xué)亮,梁曉波;致使結(jié)構(gòu)的原型研究[J];江西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報;2003年06期

7 陳俊芳;;現(xiàn)代漢語致使移動構(gòu)式研究[J];寧夏大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2009年04期

8 劉頌浩;;對外漢語聽力教學(xué)研究述評[J];世界漢語教學(xué);2001年01期

9 梁曉波,孫亞;致使概念的認(rèn)知觀[J];外國語(上海外國語大學(xué)學(xué)報);2002年04期

10 程琪龍;;致使對象角色的選擇和操作[J];外國語(上海外國語大學(xué)學(xué)報);2007年01期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 姚肖鶯;漢語三種致使句的致使性等級考察[D];北京語言大學(xué);2005年

本文編號：2270266