【摘要】：通常意義上的附加疑問(wèn)句，是在由一個(gè)陳述句和一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句為語(yǔ)言材料所組成的話語(yǔ)中產(chǎn)出的。附加疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)義功能是在把一個(gè)探詢的言語(yǔ)行為“嫁接”到一個(gè)陳述的言語(yǔ)行為的運(yùn)動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展起來(lái)的。 無(wú)論在英語(yǔ)或者是在漢語(yǔ)中，附加疑問(wèn)句都是由“陳述部分”+“疑問(wèn)部分”構(gòu)成的。疑問(wèn)部分附加（tag）在陳述部分之上。在英語(yǔ)里，根據(jù)附加的疑問(wèn)部分，我們把附加疑問(wèn)句分為兩類(lèi)：縮略的疑問(wèn)句形式和原型疑問(wèn)句形式。第一類(lèi)由一個(gè)陳述句和一個(gè)比較整齊的、縮略的疑問(wèn)句組成。第二類(lèi)由一個(gè)陳述句和一個(gè)原型疑問(wèn)句組成。所謂“原型”是說(shuō)這些附加的疑問(wèn)部分不受其前陳述部分人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的限制或約束，用一個(gè)在現(xiàn)實(shí)話語(yǔ)中常常獨(dú)立使用的結(jié)構(gòu)形式來(lái)表達(dá)，可以是一個(gè)小品詞、短語(yǔ)、詞組或句子等。而在漢語(yǔ)中，附加部分與主句部分的語(yǔ)法關(guān)聯(lián)并不如英語(yǔ)一般強(qiáng)烈，但基本結(jié)構(gòu)大體上是一致的。 從歷時(shí)的角度來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)附加疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)形式最早出現(xiàn)在16到17世紀(jì)期間，由陳述和疑問(wèn)兩部分組成（Visser）。其中，疑問(wèn)部分是將動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前構(gòu)成的（Salmon）。而在附加疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成上，一些學(xué)者（Stockwellet al）認(rèn)為，英語(yǔ)附加疑問(wèn)句是由兩個(gè)并列句派生而來(lái)的。另一些學(xué)者（Klima,Ogawa, Huddleston）認(rèn)為，英語(yǔ)附加疑問(wèn)句的底層結(jié)構(gòu)是由一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句按照名詞抄寫(xiě)、增加not和WH后置等規(guī)則生成的。而在中國(guó)，對(duì)于附加疑問(wèn)句的研究則相對(duì)較少，多數(shù)集中于文學(xué)研究上，其中有呂叔湘、邵敬敏、徐盛桓、Niu Baoyi等，而研究點(diǎn)主要集中在特殊的句型、語(yǔ)義及語(yǔ)用特點(diǎn)上。 本文試圖從下面的框架展開(kāi)： 首先是論文的導(dǎo)言部分。作者對(duì)本研究的基本問(wèn)題作以簡(jiǎn)要介紹，內(nèi)容包括：研究背景、研究問(wèn)題及研究動(dòng)力。第二章是有關(guān)附加疑問(wèn)句的理論溯源，目的是為本研究進(jìn)行理論鋪墊。第三章進(jìn)一步介紹了中英文附加疑問(wèn)句的特點(diǎn)，即從句型、語(yǔ)義及語(yǔ)用功能上分別論述。第四章則是介紹了本文的研究方法，主要是通過(guò)內(nèi)省加實(shí)證的方法，，結(jié)合自建語(yǔ)料庫(kù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。針對(duì)附加疑問(wèn)句在口語(yǔ)中的使用較多，考慮到語(yǔ)料的新穎度，并結(jié)合作者本人的興趣，作者選取了近來(lái)風(fēng)靡全球的Harry Potter系列從書(shū)，其中對(duì)話多，并且為現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)，通俗易懂。而中文作品作者則選擇了時(shí)下火熱的《盜墓筆記》系統(tǒng)叢書(shū)，基于時(shí)代與字?jǐn)?shù)等考量。第五章的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容是基于自建語(yǔ)料庫(kù)，對(duì)研究問(wèn)題進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的論述。其中英文語(yǔ)料庫(kù)為《哈利波特》系列叢書(shū)前五部小說(shuō)中的所有附加疑問(wèn)句及變體，中文語(yǔ)料庫(kù)為《盜墓筆記》系列叢書(shū)中的前七部中的所有附加疑問(wèn)句及變體，并在兩個(gè)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中選取有代表性的部分句子進(jìn)行例證，同時(shí)將以文字和圖表的形式呈現(xiàn)研究結(jié)果，并加以分析說(shuō)明。第六部分是論文的結(jié)論部分。作者首先對(duì)研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)，接著就本研究提出的問(wèn)題作以結(jié)論，最后討論了本研究對(duì)語(yǔ)言研究的理論價(jià)值，在社會(huì)活動(dòng)中的實(shí)踐意義及對(duì)翻譯工作的啟示；最后指出本研究在理論上和實(shí)踐上的局限性，并提出今后的研究在廣度和深度上進(jìn)一步努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, tag questions are produced in a discourse consisting of a declarative sentence and an interrogative sentence. The semantic function of tag questions arises and develops in the movement of "grafting" an inquiring speech act into a declarative speech act.
Whether in English or in Chinese, additional questions are made up of "declarative part"+ "interrogative part". The tag is above the declarative part. In English, according to the additional interrogative part, we divide additional questions into two types: abbreviated interrogative form and prototype interrogative form. The second category consists of a declarative sentence and a prototype question. The so-called "prototype" means that these additional questions are not restricted or restricted by the grammatical rules of the person, tense and so on, and are constructed in a structure that is often used independently in real discourse. In Chinese, the grammatical relation between the adjunct part and the main sentence part is not as strong as that in English, but the basic structure is basically the same.
From a diachronic point of view, English tag questions first appeared in the 16th to 17th centuries and consisted of two parts: declarative and interrogative (Visser). Other scholars (Klima, Ogawa, Huddleston) believe that the underlying structure of English tag questions is formed by a simple sentence transcribed according to nouns, adding not and WH postpositions. In China, the study of tag questions is relatively less, mostly concentrated on literature. There are Lu Shuxiang, Shao Jingmin, Xu Shenghuan, Niu Baoyi and so on. The research focuses mainly on the special sentence patterns, semantics and pragmatic characteristics.
This article attempts to expand from the following framework:
Chapter 2 is the theoretical tracing of additional questions, aiming at paving the way for the study. Chapter 3 further introduces the characteristics of Chinese and English additional questions, i.e. clauses. Chapter Four introduces the research methods of this paper, mainly through introspection and empirical research, and makes a comparative analysis with self-built corpus. Harry Potter's books, which are popular all over the world, have many dialogues and are popular in modern English. The author of Chinese works has chosen the current hot "Tomb Robbery Notes" series, based on the consideration of time and number of words. The Chinese corpus is composed of all the additional questions and variants in the first five novels of the Harry Potter series. The Chinese corpus is composed of all the additional questions and variants in the first seven books of the Harry Potter series. The sixth part is the conclusion of the thesis. The author first makes a brief summary of the research results, then draws a conclusion on the problems raised in the study, and finally discusses the theoretical value of the study, its practical significance in social activities and its implications for translation work. The limitations in theory and practice are studied, and the direction of further research in breadth and depth is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H314;H146

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