【摘要】：句子是基本的語言單位,也是涵蓋內(nèi)容最為豐富的教學(xué)單位之一。它既呈現(xiàn)了詞、短語的使用規(guī)律,又包含了漢語的語法點(diǎn),有的句子還具有語篇功能。句式是依據(jù)句子的局部特征歸納出來的。在對外漢語教學(xué)中,句式的教學(xué)是最基本且最重要的內(nèi)容,它涉及到詞、短語的功能,語法點(diǎn)的編排、課文的呈現(xiàn)等。在現(xiàn)行通用的教材中,無論是針對留學(xué)生如何應(yīng)對HSK考試的教材,還是以提高留學(xué)生漢語的某種能力為目標(biāo)的教材,語法大部分都是直接以句式的形式展現(xiàn)給留學(xué)生的。因此,從對外漢語教學(xué)的角度講,句式教學(xué)是一個重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。從留學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語的角度考慮,句式的學(xué)習(xí)直接影響到學(xué)生的口語和書面表達(dá),影響到他們對漢語的掌握程度和運(yùn)用程度。所以,留學(xué)生能否正確運(yùn)用所學(xué)句式是衡量我們對外漢語教學(xué)的一項(xiàng)重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn),教什么、怎樣教,就顯得尤為重要。 從留學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情況來看,虛詞是他們學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn),含有虛詞的句式也就成為學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),如“一邊A一邊B”就是這樣一個含有虛詞的對稱句式。眾所周知,動詞是漢語詞類里面最為活躍的一類詞,而句式“一邊A一邊B”總是和動詞或動詞短語分不開的,所以句式“一邊A一邊B”在日常生活中出現(xiàn)的頻率也較高。本文分析了大量語料,發(fā)現(xiàn)留學(xué)生在使用這個句式時出現(xiàn)的偏誤比較多,發(fā)現(xiàn)句式“一邊A一邊B”中A和B的的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)、A與B之間的關(guān)系,尤其是B的成分情況較為復(fù)雜。 本文從歷時和共時兩個方面對句式“一邊A一邊B”進(jìn)行深入地探討和研究。首先從縱向考察詞語“邊”、“一邊”在古典文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)的情況,探索句式“一邊A一邊B”的歷時演變過程；繼而應(yīng)用語法的三個平面理論從橫向分析句式“一邊A一邊B”的句法結(jié)構(gòu)、語義、語用環(huán)境等；最后把研究結(jié)論應(yīng)用于分析這個句式的偏誤成因,對教學(xué)提出可行的參考意見和建議。本文這樣做的目的,是為了對句式“一邊A一邊B”作一個更為準(zhǔn)確、深入、全面、詳盡的解釋。 第一部分是緒論,主要陳述選題的目的和意義、研究方法和理論框架、國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀。 第二部分從歷時的角度對句式“一邊A一邊B”的形成過程進(jìn)行考察,探索“一邊”的語法化過程及句式“一邊A一邊B”的歷時演變過程。 第三部分運(yùn)用語法的三個平面理論對句式“一邊A一邊B”進(jìn)行句法、語義、語用的探究,闡述各種因素對B的限定作用,同時把句式“一邊A一邊B”與體助詞“著”、“了”、“過”的共現(xiàn)情況作出歸納,與其他容易混淆的句式進(jìn)行簡要的比較分析。 第四部分分析留學(xué)生在使用句式“一邊A一邊B”時出現(xiàn)的偏誤,并找出偏誤的原因,根據(jù)前文的研究結(jié)果提出教學(xué)建議和意見。 第五部分是小結(jié),歸納總結(jié)全文內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Sentence is the basic language unit and one of the most abundant teaching units. It not only presents the rules of using words and phrases, but also contains the grammatical points of Chinese. Some sentences also have textual functions. Sentence patterns are summed up according to the local characteristics of sentences. In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the teaching of sentence patterns is the most basic and the most important. It involves the function of words and phrases, the arrangement of grammatical points, the presentation of texts and so on. In the current general textbooks, whether for foreign students how to deal with HSK test textbooks, or to improve foreign students'Chinese language ability as the goal of teaching materials, grammar is mostly directly displayed to foreign students in the form of sentence patterns. Therefore, from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, sentence pattern teaching is a key content. From the perspective of foreign students learning Chinese, sentence pattern learning has a direct impact on students'oral and written expression, and affects their mastery and application of Chinese. An important criterion in Chinese teaching is to teach and teach.
As far as foreign students are concerned, function words are difficult for them to learn, and sentence patterns containing function words become the focus of their study. For example, one side A and one side B is such a symmetrical sentence pattern containing function words. This paper analyzes a large number of corpus and finds that foreign students make more errors in using this sentence pattern. It is found that the internal structure of A and B in the sentence pattern "A and B on one side" and the relationship between A and B, especially the composition of B, are more frequent. It's complex.
This paper makes a thorough study of the sentence pattern "one side A and one side B" from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. Firstly, it examines vertically the occurrence of the word "side A and one side B" in the classical literature, and explores the diachronic evolution of the sentence pattern "one side A and one side B"; then it applies the three plane theories of grammar to analyze the sentence pattern horizontally. The purpose of this paper is to give a more accurate, thorough, comprehensive and detailed explanation of the sentence "A side B".
The first part is the introduction, which mainly states the purpose and significance of the topic, research methods and theoretical framework, and research status at home and abroad.
The second part investigates the formation process of the sentence pattern "one side A and one side B" from the diachronic point of view, and explores the grammaticalization process of "one side" and the diachronic evolution process of the sentence pattern "one side A and one side B".
The third part explores the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of the sentence pattern "one side A and one side B" by using the three plane theories of grammar, expounds the restrictive effects of various factors on B, and sums up the co-occurrence of the sentence pattern "one side A and one side B" and the auxiliary particle "zhe", "lai" and "Guo", and makes a brief introduction to other easily confused sentence patterns. Comparative analysis.
The fourth part analyzes the errors of foreign students when they use the sentence "one side A and one side B", and finds out the reasons for the errors, and puts forward some teaching suggestions and suggestions according to the previous research results.
The fifth part is a brief summary of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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