【摘要】：類(lèi)推是語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中的普遍規(guī)律,更是詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的重要機(jī)制。近年來(lái),漢語(yǔ)新詞語(yǔ)中具有“族群化”特征的造詞方式值得關(guān)注。本文以改革開(kāi)放后產(chǎn)生的詞族及相關(guān)新詞語(yǔ)為例,研究類(lèi)推機(jī)制作用下的新詞族。 當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)新詞族的發(fā)展具有動(dòng)態(tài)性,同時(shí)具有明顯的定位性、生成性、不穩(wěn)定性、不平衡性。新詞族的大量涌現(xiàn)是外部社會(huì)原因、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)關(guān)系共同作用的結(jié)果,其中語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)起主導(dǎo)作用。 當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)新詞族的形成主要有三種途徑：繼承、新造和引進(jìn)。繼承和新造屬于自源型,引進(jìn)屬于他源型。由上述三種途徑形成的類(lèi)推結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)義透明度不同：繼承型的詞族語(yǔ)義透明度較高,其次是新造型詞族,引進(jìn)型詞族的語(yǔ)義透明度最低。 當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)新詞族共同語(yǔ)素語(yǔ)義演變主要有語(yǔ)義類(lèi)化和語(yǔ)義泛化兩類(lèi)。語(yǔ)義類(lèi)化即在一定指稱對(duì)象上發(fā)現(xiàn)可以類(lèi)化的特征,從而使共同語(yǔ)素指稱范圍擴(kuò)大化。語(yǔ)義泛化是從原義到泛化義的變化過(guò)程,主要有輻射式、連鎖式、復(fù)合式三種方式。另外,詞族共同語(yǔ)素與變動(dòng)語(yǔ)素之間的語(yǔ)義選擇表現(xiàn)出單向高搭配性和組配的規(guī)則性。同一詞族的共同語(yǔ)素與不同語(yǔ)素間深層語(yǔ)義關(guān)系并不相同。 在使用過(guò)程中,當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)新詞族共同語(yǔ)素的用法得以擴(kuò)展,功能得以增強(qiáng)。主要表現(xiàn)在共同語(yǔ)素構(gòu)詞能力增強(qiáng)、詞性發(fā)生演變、外來(lái)語(yǔ)素與漢語(yǔ)不斷融合等方面。同時(shí),變動(dòng)語(yǔ)素和共同語(yǔ)素也必然受到語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)的制約。 詞族的形成和發(fā)展過(guò)程并不是簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)制原有的構(gòu)詞模式,而是構(gòu)詞模式發(fā)展變異的結(jié)果。詞族內(nèi)部的不同成員之間并不完全同質(zhì),而是依據(jù)同一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)模式不斷擴(kuò)展出來(lái)的輻射結(jié)構(gòu)。這些相互有擴(kuò)展關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)模式之間是一個(gè)“族”,構(gòu)成家族相似系列,呈現(xiàn)家族相似關(guān)系。 在反映社會(huì)發(fā)展變化方面,當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)新詞族更具廣泛性、集中性、連貫性和系列性。新詞族的語(yǔ)用領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)展,一般都會(huì)經(jīng)歷從專(zhuān)用領(lǐng)域向通用領(lǐng)域、從科技、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等領(lǐng)域到社會(huì)生活領(lǐng)域的拓展過(guò)程。在擴(kuò)展過(guò)程中,語(yǔ)言與社會(huì)生活間的互動(dòng)得到前所未有的加強(qiáng)。 當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)新詞族的使用也納入本研究視野。本研究以河南新鄉(xiāng)學(xué)院師生為對(duì)象,采用專(zhuān)項(xiàng)調(diào)查形式,通過(guò)調(diào)查當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)新詞族知曉率使用率和常用率,揭示新詞族使用的社會(huì)差異；通過(guò)調(diào)查不同社會(huì)特征(性別、年齡、受教育程度等)語(yǔ)言使用者的語(yǔ)言態(tài)度,考察網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播、受眾心理等因素對(duì)新詞族知曉率和使用率的影響。
[Abstract]:Analogy is a universal rule in language structure and language use, and it is also an important mechanism of word formation. In recent years, Chinese neologisms with the characteristics of "ethnicization" are worthy of attention. Taking the lexical family and related neologisms produced after the reform and opening up as examples, this paper studies the neologisms under the analogizing mechanism. The development of neologism in contemporary Chinese is dynamic, and it has obvious orientation, generative, unstable and unbalanced. The emergence of a large number of neologisms is the result of external social reasons and the interaction of internal structural systems, in which language structure plays a leading role. There are three main ways to form neologism in contemporary Chinese: inheritance, creation and introduction. Inheritance and new creation belong to the self-source type, and the introduction belongs to the other source type. The semantic transparency of the analogy structure formed by the above three approaches is different: the semantic transparency of the inherited word family is higher, the second is the new modeling word family, and the semantic transparency of the imported word family is the lowest. There are two kinds of semantic evolution of common morpheme in contemporary Chinese neologisms: semantic categorization and semantic generalization. Semantic categorization is to find the features that can be classified on a certain reference object, so as to expand the scope of common morpheme reference. Semantic generalization is the process of changing from original meaning to generalization meaning, mainly in three ways: radiation, linkage and compound. In addition, the semantic selection between common morpheme and variable morpheme of lexical family shows unidirectional high collocation and regular matching. The deep semantic relationship between common morpheme and different morpheme of the same word family is different. In the process of use, the usage of common morphemes of neologisms in contemporary Chinese has been expanded and its functions enhanced. It is mainly reflected in the enhancement of common morpheme's word-formation ability, the evolution of part of speech, and the continuous fusion of foreign morpheme and Chinese. At the same time, variable morpheme and common morpheme are bound to be restricted by grammatical system. The formation and development of lexical family is not a simple copy of the original word-formation model, but the result of the development and variation of word-formation pattern. The different members of the lexical family are not homogenous, but the radiation structure is constantly expanded according to the same word pattern. There is a "family" between these extended word patterns, which form a family similarity series and present a family similarity relationship. In reflecting the social development and change, contemporary Chinese neologisms are more extensive, centralized, coherent and serial. The pragmatic field of neologism has been expanded from special field to general field, from science and technology, politics, economy and so on to social life. In the process of expansion, the interaction between language and social life has never been strengthened. The use of neologisms in contemporary Chinese is also included in this study. This research takes the teachers and students of Henan Xinxiang University as the object, adopts the special investigation form, through the investigation contemporary Chinese neologism family awareness rate and the common use rate, reveals the social difference of the neologism family use, through the investigation different social characteristic (gender, age, age), The influence of network communication, audience psychology and other factors on the awareness rate and utilization rate of neologisms was investigated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H136

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