【摘要】：清代中期的《韻略新抄便覽》(1763)是山東掖縣(今萊州)人周云熾為增訂其同鄉(xiāng)先賢畢拱宸的《韻略匯通》而作。畢氏的《韻略匯通》是明代一部重要韻書,在近代漢語語音史上具有重要地位�！俄嵚孕鲁阌[》的修訂頗大,反映出了不少歷史的、方言的和作者語音觀的差異。本文搜集整理了兩本韻書的語音資料和其他韻書的語音情況,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代萊州方言資料,比較全面地對《韻略新抄便覽》進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究,通過歷時和共時的比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)語言發(fā)展過程中的一些規(guī)律,為音韻學(xué)、近代漢語、現(xiàn)代方言研究中的一些問題提供了比較詳細(xì)的資料。 在寫作方法方面,本文主要依據(jù)歷史語言學(xué),結(jié)合音韻學(xué)的一些傳統(tǒng)方法和漢語方言學(xué)的方法。貫穿全文的是比較的方法：對兩本韻書的語音系統(tǒng)、對韻書和方言音系系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面的比較,找出其不同之處,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代漢語和現(xiàn)代萊州方言來解釋出現(xiàn)這些不同的原因。此外,本文還將相關(guān)的韻書進(jìn)行共時和歷時比較,通過比較總結(jié)語言發(fā)展的某些規(guī)律。本文在韻字的分析、同時期材料之間的參互求證、語音現(xiàn)象的歸納等方面都用到了一些傳統(tǒng)的方法。本文還注意用發(fā)展的眼光來觀察、解決問題,從時代、地域等多方面來分析材料。 本文共分七章。 第一章,緒論。主要介紹韻書的基本情況,包括作者情況、寫作過程、體例等。詳細(xì)說明韻書與《韻略易通》、《韻略匯通》的關(guān)系,介紹本文主要內(nèi)容及理論方法,提出本文的研究意義。 第二章,韻書聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)。這一章主要通過對韻書反切上字、反切下字的系聯(lián),對聲調(diào)的分析,構(gòu)擬出韻書聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)。其中對幾個主要問題進(jìn)行討論。聲母主要問題包括：一、古知章莊三組聲母的分合。韻書中知章莊聲母合一,出現(xiàn)的分組情況,是由于韻母的差異。二、腭化和尖團(tuán)音分混的問題。韻書中尖團(tuán)音不混,見系聲母出現(xiàn)分組情況,但推斷不出見系聲母已經(jīng)分化出舌面音。三、“一”母和“無”母的關(guān)系。韻書中已出現(xiàn)兩母相混的例子,說明當(dāng)時的“無”母已經(jīng)讀零聲母。四、日母字的讀音。日母字在韻書中讀z聲母。五、全濁聲母的讀音。全濁聲母已消失。韻母方面,古入聲韻的歸派反映明顯的萊州方言的韻母特點(diǎn)：(一)曾攝、梗攝入聲洪音字比較一致地讀ei、uei；(二)覺韻藥韻入聲字讀uo；(三)山攝細(xì)音入聲字與覺藥兩韻字相混；(四)果攝一等見系字及鐸韻見系字分開合；其他韻母方面的特點(diǎn)還有：蟹攝二等見系字均讀iai;通攝三等字精組和來母字讀洪音；通攝入聲字讀u,“肉”讀iou。另外在聲韻拼合關(guān)系方面也有一些不同于現(xiàn)代的特點(diǎn)。知三章組字和日母字拼細(xì)音,唇音聲母可拼合口呼和開口呼。 第三章,《韻略新抄便覽》和《韻略匯通》的比較。對兩本韻書的聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間的不同�！俄嵚孕鲁阌[》表現(xiàn)的主要不同是：聲母方面v聲母已消失,韻母方面根據(jù)時音對《韻略匯通》韻部進(jìn)行了重新調(diào)整,聲調(diào)方面,入聲改配陰聲,平聲不分陰陽,部分全濁上歸上聲。 第四章,將《韻略新抄便覽》和《中原音韻》、《韻略易通》、《韻略匯通》、《五方元音》和《萬韻書》進(jìn)行對比。通過對比可以發(fā)現(xiàn)從《中原音韻》到《新抄》語音的一些發(fā)展變化。聲母方面主要是v聲母和(?)聲母的逐漸消失,韻母方面主要是[m]韻尾的消失,撮口呼y逐漸形成,《中原音韻》支思(?)、齊微ei/i/uei、魚模u/iu三韻經(jīng)過幾次分合,到《新抄》時形成支齊(?)/i、灰微ei/uei、居虞y、呼模u四韻,與普通話接近。聲調(diào)方面,最明顯的就是入聲的消失�！缎鲁放c同時期《萬韻書》相比,聲母系統(tǒng)已完全一致,韻母系統(tǒng)除“戈何”韻擬音有差異外其他都一致。聲調(diào)方面,《萬韻書》保留了陰入調(diào)類,主要來自古代的清聲母入聲字。《新抄》雖保留入聲調(diào)類,但實(shí)際上反映了入聲消失的事實(shí)。 第五章,《韻略新抄便覽》與現(xiàn)代萊州方言的比較。比較結(jié)果聲母方面明顯區(qū)別是韻書中見組聲母還沒有分化,沒有出現(xiàn)舌面音tc、tc、c；韻書日母字讀z聲母,方言中一部分讀零聲母,一部分讀卷舌音3r(古止攝開口三等)；聲調(diào)方面,韻書有平、上、去、入四個調(diào)類,方言只有陰平、陽平、上聲三個調(diào)類。 第六章,從韻書寫作背景、與其他反映官話音系的韻書比較情況以及韻書本身體現(xiàn)的方言特色,三個方面來確定《韻略新抄便覽》是反映的是十八世紀(jì)中期的北方官話音系,同時又體現(xiàn)了萊州方言特色。 第七章,列出《韻略新抄便覽》同音字表。
[Abstract]:In the mid-Qing Dynasty, Zhou Yunchi, a native of Yexian County, Shandong Province (present-day Laizhou), wrote a new version of Bi Gongchen's "Yun Liao Tong". Bi's "Yun Liao Tong" is an important rhyme book in the Ming Dynasty and plays an important role in the history of modern Chinese phonetics. This paper collects and collates the phonetic data of the two rhyme books and other rhyme books, combines the modern Laizhou dialect data, and makes a systematic study of the book. Some problems in the study of modern Chinese and modern dialects provide more detailed information.
In the aspect of writing methods, this paper mainly bases on historical linguistics, combines some traditional methods of phonology with the methods of Chinese dialectology. It is a comparative method that runs through the whole text: Comparing the phonological systems of the two rhyme books, comparing the phonological systems of rhyme books and dialects, finding out their differences, combining modern Chinese with modern Laizhou dialect. In addition, this paper compares the rhyme books synchronously and diachronically, and summarizes some rules of language development. This paper uses some traditional methods in the analysis of rhyme characters, the mutual verification of materials in the same period, and the induction of phonetic phenomena. To see and solve problems, to analyze materials from various aspects such as time, region and so on.
This article is divided into seven chapters.
The first chapter, introduction, mainly introduces the basic situation of rhyme books, including the author's situation, writing process, style, etc.
The second chapter is the phonological system of rhyme books.This chapter mainly constructs the phonological system of rhyme books through the analysis of the tone of rhyme books by reversing the words on the rhyme books and the links of the words on the rhyme books.Some main problems are discussed.The main problems of the initial consonants include: 1.the separation and combination of three groups of consonants in ancient Zhizhang Zhuang. This is due to the difference of vowels. 2. palatalization and mixing of consonants. In rhyme books, the consonants are not mixed, and the consonants are grouped, but it can not be inferred that the consonants have differentiated into lingual ones. 3. The relationship between the "one" and "none" consonants. There are examples of two consonants mixing in rhyme books, indicating that the "none" consonants have been read zero at that time. Fourth, the pronunciation of Japanese alphabets. The pronunciation of Japanese alphabets in rhyme books. Fifth, the pronunciation of full-voiced alphabets. The total-voiced alphabets have disappeared. In terms of vowels, the assignment of the ancient entrance rhymes reflects the obvious characteristics of the Laizhou dialect's vowels: (1) Zeng Zhi, the terminus intake of the Hongyin characters is consistent in pronunciation of ei, uei; (2) Chueyun Yunyun's pronunciation of of of uo; (3) Shan The phonetic alphabet is mixed with Chueh Yao's two rhyming characters; (4) the first-class phonetic alphabet and the first-class phonetic alphabet are combined separately; (2) the second-class phonetic alphabet are all pronounced IAI by the crab; (3) the third-class phonetic alphabet and the incoming alphabet are pronounced Hongyin by the crab; (3) the intake phonetic alphabet is pronounced u and "meat" is pronounced iou. In the three chapter, the characters of the group and the Japanese characters are set up fine, and the labial consonants can be called and opened.
In the third chapter, the comparison of the phonological systems of the two rhyme books is made and the differences between them are found. The sound is changed to the Yin tone, and the horizontal tone does not distinguish Yin and Yang.
In the fourth chapter, the author compares the phonological development from the "Central Plains Phonology" to the "New Plains Phonology", "Rhyme Slightly Convergence", "Wufang Vowel" and the "Wanyunshu". Through the comparison, we can find some changes in the phonological development from the "Central Plains Phonology" to the "New Plains Phonology". The initial consonant is mainly the gradual disappearance of the V consonant and the (?) consonant, and the final consonant is mainly the disappearance of the [m]. The initial consonant system has been completely consistent with that of Wanyunshu in the same period. In tone aspect, retained Yin Jin tone category, mainly from the ancient consonant entering characters. retained the entering tone category, but actually reflected the fact that the entering tone disappeared.
In the fifth chapter, the comparison between the modern Laizhou dialect and the new version of the rhyme shows that the consonants in the rhyme books have not yet differentiated, and there is no tongue tc, tc, c; the Japanese letters in the rhyme books read Z initials, some of the dialects read zero initials, and some of the volumes of the tongue 3R (Guzhi Zhikou 3r). Go up, go, enter four tone categories, dialect only Yin Ping, Yang Ping, upper tone three tone categories.
Chapter 6, from the background of rhyme writing, the comparison with other rhyme books reflecting the phonological system of Mandarin and the dialectal features embodied in the rhyme books themselves, it is determined that the rhyme brief new transcription is a reflection of the northern Mandarin phonology in the middle of the eighteenth century, and also reflects the characteristics of Laizhou dialect.
In the seventh chapter, we list the rhyming, new transcription and homophone list.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H114;H17

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 錢曾怡;;古知莊章聲母在山東方言中的分化及其跟精見組的關(guān)系[J];中國語文;2004年06期

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本文編號：2220810

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