【摘要】：本文選取現(xiàn)代漢語“有A有B”格式進(jìn)行專題考察,通過對“有A有B”格式進(jìn)行共時(shí)平面上的詳細(xì)描寫，進(jìn)而嘗試從語法化和認(rèn)知語法的角度對此類格式的某些現(xiàn)象加以解釋，希望能夠豐富對“類固定短語”的研究并更加有效地應(yīng)用到教學(xué)當(dāng)中。不包括緒論和結(jié)語，全文共分四章。 第一章考察“有A有B”格式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和句法功能。通過對“有A有B”格式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和句法分布的傾向性問題的考察。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)入格式的A、B形式多樣，語法性質(zhì)上多是同類的，而且A、B由兩個(gè)體詞性語素或詞構(gòu)成的格式要明顯多于由兩個(gè)謂詞性和加詞性的語素或詞構(gòu)成的格式�！坝蠥有B”格式在句子中的句法功能比較靈活，可以充當(dāng)主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語，其中做謂語的情況最多。由此我們認(rèn)為，“有A有B”格式從結(jié)構(gòu)類別上來看，為兩個(gè)述賓短語并列組成的聯(lián)合短語；從功能上來看，這個(gè)格式的陳述性很強(qiáng)，由此可以判斷“有A有B”格式屬于謂詞性短語。 第二章對“有A有B”格式的語義進(jìn)行了分析。本章考察了“有A有B”格式內(nèi)部及外部的語義關(guān)系，歸納了A和B之間的語義關(guān)系類型及整個(gè)格式的語義特征，并對制約格式中A、B位序的因素進(jìn)行了分析總結(jié)。經(jīng)過對“有A有B”格式語義關(guān)系的考察分析，我們認(rèn)為此格式形式簡明，表義豐富，可以表達(dá)種種不同的意思，變化多樣，非常靈活，適合于不同的表達(dá)需要，在現(xiàn)代漢語的實(shí)際運(yùn)用中發(fā)揮著重要作用。 第三章對“有A有B”格式進(jìn)行了認(rèn)知分析。本章嘗試運(yùn)用概念隱喻理論、概念整合理論以及關(guān)聯(lián)理論等相關(guān)認(rèn)知理論對格式的形成及發(fā)展的認(rèn)知過程進(jìn)行考察分析，認(rèn)為格式構(gòu)成的短語形成了一個(gè)發(fā)展的連續(xù)統(tǒng)，即：臨時(shí)短語、類固定短語、固定短語（主要指成語），在分析此格式時(shí)引入了“類固定短語”概念。嘗試建立了格式的等級(jí)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并對格式進(jìn)行了等級(jí)劃分，我們把格式的靜態(tài)、動(dòng)態(tài)的認(rèn)知過程和具體的實(shí)例結(jié)合進(jìn)行解析，發(fā)現(xiàn)格式的認(rèn)知過程實(shí)質(zhì)上就是人類認(rèn)知過程心理特征的體現(xiàn)。本章還對格式的語用特征進(jìn)行了考察歸納，“有A有B”格式獨(dú)特的語用價(jià)值使得格式的使用范圍越來越廣，，能產(chǎn)性越來越強(qiáng)。 第四章主要考察“有A有B”格式的形成發(fā)展過程和動(dòng)因。從現(xiàn)有的語料檢索來看格式最早出現(xiàn)在周朝，而促使它形成發(fā)展的既有內(nèi)因，也有外因。內(nèi)因在于格式本身的韻律及其結(jié)構(gòu)和語義的特殊性促進(jìn)格式不斷創(chuàng)新發(fā)展；外因是語言外部因素即中國歷代文學(xué)作品及中華民族心理特征對此格式的影響和推動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:This article selects the modern Chinese "A have B" format to carry on the special topic investigation, through carries on the detailed description on the synchronic plane to the "A have B" format, Then it tries to explain some phenomena of this kind of format from the perspective of grammaticalization and cognitive grammar, hoping to enrich the study of "class fixed phrase" and to apply it to teaching more effectively. Not including the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter examines the structural features and syntactic functions of the "A you B" format. This paper investigates the structural characteristics and the tendency of syntactic distribution of "A with B" format. We find that there are various forms and similar grammatical properties of AZB, and the format of AJB is obviously more than that of two predicate and additive morphemes or words in part of speech. The syntactic function of "A you B" is flexible and can be used as subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial and complement. Therefore, we think that the "A has B" format is, in terms of structural categories, a joint phrase consisting of two predicate phrases juxtaposed; functionally, the format is very declarative. From this, we can judge that "A has B" format belongs to predicate phrase. The second chapter analyzes the semantics of "A with B" format. In this chapter, the internal and external semantic relations of "A with B" format are investigated, the semantic relationship types between A and B and the semantic characteristics of the whole format are summarized, and the factors restricting the Agna B position order in the format are analyzed and summarized. Through the investigation and analysis of the semantic relationship of "there A has B" format, we think that this format is concise, rich in meaning, can express various meanings, varied, very flexible, and suitable for different expression needs. It plays an important role in the practical use of modern Chinese. The third chapter makes a cognitive analysis of the "A with B" format. This chapter attempts to analyze the cognitive process of the formation and development of the format by using the theories of conceptual metaphor, conceptual integration and relevance theory, and concludes that the phrase formed by the format forms a continuum of development. Namely: temporary phrase, class fixed phrase, fixed phrase (mainly referring to idiom), the concept of "class fixed phrase" is introduced in the analysis of this format. This paper tries to establish the grading standard of the format, and classifies the format. We combine the static and dynamic cognitive process of the format with concrete examples to analyze it. The cognitive process of discovery format is essentially the embodiment of the psychological characteristics of human cognitive process. This chapter also studies the pragmatic characteristics of format. The unique pragmatic value of format A has B makes the format more and more widely used and more productive. The fourth chapter mainly examines the formation and development process and motivation of "A with B" format. From the existing corpus retrieval format first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, which promoted its development both internal and external reasons. The internal reason lies in the prosody of the format itself and the particularity of its structure and semantics, and the external factor is the influence and promotion of the language external factors, namely, the Chinese literary works and the psychological characteristics of the Chinese nation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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