【摘要】：本文以魏晉時(shí)期的筆記小說(shuō)《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》為語(yǔ)料，以現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)中的輕動(dòng)詞理論為理論基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》中動(dòng)賓之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系做了比較系統(tǒng)、全面的分類。全文對(duì)《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》中動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的分類以句法結(jié)構(gòu)的不同為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比較詳細(xì)地考查了動(dòng)詞本身的詞匯意義和動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)所處的句法環(huán)境對(duì)動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的影響情況。全文按動(dòng)賓關(guān)系所處句法環(huán)境和所含輕動(dòng)詞的不同，將《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》中動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系分為三大類11小類，全文共分七個(gè)部分論述。 緒論部分對(duì)語(yǔ)料《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》的作者、版本、內(nèi)容、體例和語(yǔ)言研究現(xiàn)狀等基本情況做了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，展現(xiàn)了《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》口語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。 第一章是本文的理論介紹部分。本章對(duì)輕動(dòng)詞理論的發(fā)展、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了闡釋，并在輕動(dòng)詞理論的指導(dǎo)下對(duì)《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》中的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分類。 第二、三、四章是文章的主體部分，這部分對(duì)《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》中的三大類動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：敘述關(guān)系、描寫關(guān)系和說(shuō)明關(guān)系分別進(jìn)行了分析。 敘述關(guān)系是指整個(gè)動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作、事件動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的呈現(xiàn)。敘述關(guān)系中，動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系又分為五小類：支配關(guān)系、關(guān)涉關(guān)系、經(jīng)歷關(guān)系、時(shí)空關(guān)系和致使關(guān)系。這一部分主要的創(chuàng)新之處在于：一是將見(jiàn)聞?lì)惡驮庥鲱悇?dòng)詞與其后賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系都?xì)w為“經(jīng)歷關(guān)系”，認(rèn)為此類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生了某種影響，主語(yǔ)被動(dòng)地做出反應(yīng)；二是對(duì)致使關(guān)系中“使令”動(dòng)詞的意義由“命令”向“致使”轉(zhuǎn)化、輕動(dòng)詞“CAUSE”由句法層面向詞法層面的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程做了動(dòng)態(tài)分析。這一部分是全文的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。 描寫關(guān)系是指整個(gè)動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)所代表的人或物自身某種狀態(tài)的描寫，包括動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)的描寫。描寫關(guān)系進(jìn)一步分為三小類：因果關(guān)系、保持關(guān)系和變化關(guān)系。在本文中，我們特將心理動(dòng)詞與它后面賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系歸為因果關(guān)系，這不同于以往的分類。 說(shuō)明關(guān)系包括判斷關(guān)系、存現(xiàn)關(guān)系和比擬關(guān)系三個(gè)小類。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，，在表“判斷”、“存現(xiàn)”和“比擬”這三類關(guān)系的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作性很弱，只是對(duì)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)起到某種連接作用。這三類動(dòng)詞所帶的賓語(yǔ)，我們稱之為“關(guān)系賓語(yǔ)”。 第五章對(duì)《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》中“其他動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”和動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的演變做了簡(jiǎn)要介紹。我們認(rèn)為，《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》中的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系比起先秦漢語(yǔ)來(lái)，有了新的發(fā)展，賓語(yǔ)前置現(xiàn)象大大減少，詞類活用現(xiàn)象也明顯減少；輕動(dòng)詞的有音標(biāo)記詞，如“被”、“使”等的詞匯義開(kāi)始虛化，而承擔(dān)更多的語(yǔ)法意義。 文章的結(jié)論部分對(duì)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了概括，并對(duì)全文研究存在的問(wèn)題和不足進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，指出了今后研究繼續(xù)努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Based on the novel "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" in Wei and Jin dynasties and the light verb theory in modern linguistics, this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive classification of the semantic relationship between verb and object in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". Based on the difference of syntactic structure, this paper examines in detail the influence of the lexical meaning of the verb itself and the syntactic environment of the verb-object phrase on the verb-object semantic relationship. According to the different syntactic environment of verb-object relation and the light verb, the semantic relation between verb and object is divided into three categories and eleven subcategories, and the whole text is divided into seven parts. In the introduction part, the author, edition, content, style and current situation of language research are briefly introduced, and the characteristics of spoken language are shown. The first chapter is the theoretical introduction of this article. This chapter explains the development of light verb theory and the complexity of verb-object relationship, and classifies the verb-object relationship under the guidance of light verb theory. The second, third and fourth chapters are the main part of the article. This part analyzes three kinds of verb-object relations in Shi Shuo Xin Yu: narrative relation, descriptive relation and illustrative relation. The narrative relation refers to the presentation of the whole verb-object structure to the subject action and the dynamic process of the event. In narrative relations, the semantic relations between verbs and objects can be divided into five sub-categories: dominating relation, related relation, experiential relation, space-time relation and causative relation. The main innovations of this part are as follows: first, the relationship between the verb of seeing and hearing and the verb of encounter and the object after it is classified as "experiential relation", and the object has some influence on the subject in this kind of verb-object structure. The second is the dynamic analysis of the transformation of the meaning of the verb from "command" to "cause" and the transformation of the light verb "CAUSE" from syntactic level to lexical level. This part is the focus and difficulty of the full text. Descriptive relation refers to the description of a certain state of the person or thing represented by the subject, including the dynamic and static description. Descriptive relationships are further divided into three subcategories: causality, maintenance and variation. In this paper, the relationship between psychological verb and its object is classified as causality, which is different from previous classification. The relationship includes three subcategories: judgment relation, existential relation and analogy relation. We find that in the sentences of "judgment", "existential" and "analogy", the verb is very weak in action, but it only plays a certain connecting role to the subject and object. These three kinds of verbs carry objects, which we call "relational objects". The fifth chapter briefly introduces the evolution of "other verb-object relations" and verb-object relations in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. In our opinion, the verb-object relation in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" has made a new development compared with the pre-Qin Chinese language, and the phenomenon of object preposition has been greatly reduced, and the phenomenon of part of speech usage has been obviously reduced, and the phonetic tagging words of light verbs, such as "Bei", have been greatly reduced. The lexical meaning of "make" begins to be empty and takes on more grammatical meanings. The conclusion of the paper summarizes the main points of view of the full text, summarizes the problems and shortcomings of the full text research, and points out the direction of further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H141

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本文編號(hào)：2152003