【摘要】：在有關(guān)借詞音系學(xué)研究的文獻(xiàn)中主要有三種觀點(diǎn)，即感知分析、音系分析，以及音系感知分析。前兩種分析都無法對(duì)一些特例做出解釋。例如，在漢語借詞中音節(jié)[ki]會(huì)借用為[ti]，如‘KenDeJi’[kntti]，因?yàn)樵跐h語普通話音系當(dāng)中存在鄂化現(xiàn)象(palatalization)，音節(jié)[ki]是不合法的，即母語音系規(guī)則在起作用。而感知分析卻忽略第一語言（母語）的音系因素，無法對(duì)此做出解釋。另外一方面，在粵語借詞中存在塞音[p]和[t]的脫落現(xiàn)象，如‘stamp’[stmp]→[sitam],‘post’[pust]→[posi]。感知分析認(rèn)為這是由于塞音[p]和[t]的感知信號(hào)（perceptualcues）很弱所致。而音系分析卻無法對(duì)此特例作出解釋。本文以漢語借詞音系中的流音借用為例，認(rèn)為音系感知的方法可以更好地解釋漢語借詞音系。 通過對(duì)語料庫的分析，本文認(rèn)為在英源漢語借詞的流音借用中，母語的音系規(guī)則和對(duì)外來語的感知都起著作用。同時(shí)，在一項(xiàng)感知實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中，本文讓10名受試者（英語專業(yè)研究生）分別聽辨16個(gè)毫無意義且均以/r/為音節(jié)首的雙音節(jié)英語單詞（/rvcv/和/cvrv/分別8個(gè)），并讓受試者分別從16組相對(duì)應(yīng)的雙音節(jié)漢語借詞當(dāng)中，選出感知上最能接受的16個(gè)雙音節(jié)詞。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，在受試者所選擇的漢語借詞當(dāng)中（共計(jì)160個(gè)實(shí)體），125個(gè)雙音節(jié)實(shí)體是以音位/r/為音節(jié)首，而只有35個(gè)實(shí)體是以音位/l/為音節(jié)首。這進(jìn)一步表明，感知因素對(duì)外來語的借用起著重要作用。因此，，本文認(rèn)為音系感知的方法可以更好地分析漢語的借詞音系。 同時(shí)，本文以優(yōu)選論為框架，對(duì)流音的借用作出了合理的解釋。本文認(rèn)為漢語借詞中流音的借用，可以理解成優(yōu)選論中兩種制約條件相互作用的結(jié)果。本文通過論證，指出漢語借詞中流音的音節(jié)首和音節(jié)尾，同樣受到漢語和英語中普遍制約條件的制約。流音音節(jié)首和音節(jié)尾的不同借用現(xiàn)象，是由于二者的制約條件等級(jí)排列不同所導(dǎo)致。這兩種等級(jí)排列不同的制約條件為：(1)*/r_/σ*/_l/σ,ProsodicNaturalnessMax-IO,Ident-IO([lateral])Dep-IO;(2)*/_l/σ*/r_/σ,ProsodicNaturalnessMax-IO,Ident-IO([lateral])Dep-IO.文章最后指出了本文研究的不足以及進(jìn)一步研究的一些建議。
[Abstract]:There are three main viewpoints in the literature on phonology of loanwords, namely, perceptual analysis, phonological analysis, and phonological perceptual analysis. Neither of the first two analyses can explain some of the exceptions. For example, the syllable [ki] may be used as [ti] in Chinese loanwords, such as Ken DeJi' [kntti], because it is illegal for (palatalization), syllables [Ki] to exist in Chinese Putonghua phonetic systems, that is, the rules of native phonology are at work. However, perception analysis ignores the phonological factors of the first language (mother tongue) and cannot explain it. On the other hand, in Cantonese loanwords, the phenomenon of stop-tone [p] and [t] shedding exists, such as [sitam] [pust] [posi]. Perceptual analysis suggests that this is due to the weak (perceptualcues) of the perceptual signals of [p] and [t]. But the phonological analysis can not explain this special case. This paper takes the flow sound borrowing in Chinese loanwords phonology as an example and thinks that the phonological perception method can better explain the phonological system of Chinese loanwords. Through the analysis of the corpus, this paper holds that the phonological rules of the mother tongue and the perception of foreign words play an important role in the flow sound borrowing of English and Chinese loanwords. At the same time, in a perception experiment, In this paper, 10 subjects (English majors) were asked to listen to 16 meaningless dicyllabic English words (8 / rvcv / and 8 / cvrv/ respectively), and to borrow from 16 pairs of disyllabic Chinese words. Select the 16 most perceptible disyllabic words. The experimental results show that among the Chinese loanwords selected by the subjects (160 entities in total), 125 disyllabic entities begin with phonemes / r / and only 35 entities begin with phonemes /. This further indicates that perceptual factors play an important role in the borrowing of foreign words. Therefore, this paper believes that phonological perception method can better analyze the phonology of Chinese loanwords. At the same time, based on the theory of optimal selection, this paper gives a reasonable explanation for the borrowing of convective sound. This paper holds that the borrowing of flowing sound in Chinese loanwords can be understood as the result of the interaction of the two restrictive conditions in the theory of optimal selection. This paper points out that the beginning and end of syllables in Chinese loanwords are also restricted by the common constraints in Chinese and English. The different borrowing phenomenon between the beginning and the end of the flowing syllable is caused by the different order of restriction conditions. The constraints of these two different levels are as follows: (1) P / R / 蟽 / L / 蟽 / P / S / P / T / P / S / 蟽 / P / T / P / S / 蟽 / T / T / P / S / S / S / T / P / S / P / T / P / P / T / P / P / P / P / P / S / P / S / P / S / T / P / S / P / S / S / S / P / S / S / S / O / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / O / S / S / O / O / O Finally, the paper points out the shortcomings of this study and some suggestions for further study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H116

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