發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-04 09:13

  本文選題：認(rèn)知 + 概念隱喻��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：天氣預(yù)報(bào)指導(dǎo)人們安排日常生活以及工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，在我們的生活中扮演著不可或缺的角色。然而，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)由于天氣預(yù)報(bào)具有很強(qiáng)的信息性，我們習(xí)慣性地只關(guān)注天氣預(yù)報(bào)的實(shí)用價(jià)值，卻很少有語(yǔ)言學(xué)家去關(guān)注天氣預(yù)報(bào)的語(yǔ)言價(jià)值，，這為研究天氣預(yù)報(bào)語(yǔ)篇中的概念隱喻現(xiàn)象提供了全新的視角。 本文以萊考夫的概念隱喻理論為研究框架，在此基礎(chǔ)上將漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)語(yǔ)篇中的概念隱喻分為結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻、方位隱喻和實(shí)體隱喻三大類。其中，實(shí)體隱喻又可細(xì)分為物質(zhì)隱喻、容器隱喻和擬人。因?yàn)樗治龅氖菨h語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料，而所運(yùn)用的理論框架是來(lái)自于英語(yǔ)的，所以筆者在分析過(guò)程中又借用了當(dāng)下對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)研究的相關(guān)新成果。 在漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)使用的概念隱喻中，實(shí)體隱喻所占比例最大。正是通過(guò)使用大量的實(shí)體隱喻，天氣預(yù)報(bào)員使觀眾輕松地理解了抽象的概念。方位隱喻也是漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)中使用頻率較高的一種概念隱喻。通過(guò)使用方位隱喻，人們能夠理解諸如時(shí)間、數(shù)量、狀態(tài)、等級(jí)等等非空間的、抽象的概念。雖然結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻在漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)中使用頻率相對(duì)較低，但是這種隱喻使我們能夠通過(guò)具體的、熟悉的事物來(lái)理解抽象的、陌生的概念。 經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)中使用的絕大部分概念隱喻與日常生活中的概念隱喻相同，而天氣預(yù)報(bào)中的確存在一些與日常生活中不同的隱喻用法。比如，漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)中使用的方位隱喻“等級(jí)越高越危險(xiǎn)/等級(jí)越低危險(xiǎn)度越小”是一種負(fù)相關(guān)的用法，而日常生活中大量使用的方位隱喻“地位高為上/地位低為下”卻是一種正相關(guān)的用法。天氣預(yù)報(bào)中使用的容器隱喻也有不同于日常生活中的例子，例如“我們就將進(jìn)入夏至節(jié)氣了”不同于“這兩個(gè)國(guó)家只有攜手進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，才能保證這個(gè)世界的和平”，因?yàn)榍耙粋�(gè)例子中的“我們”應(yīng)理解為觀察者而不是射體，真正的射體應(yīng)該是抽象的時(shí)間。此外，容器隱喻中另一特色是天氣狀況常常被概念化為容器，例如，“但是下一周，江南華南將會(huì)再次進(jìn)入多雨階段�！薄伴L(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)即將進(jìn)入一段降雨集中期�！� 除了傳統(tǒng)的概念隱喻，漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)中也出現(xiàn)了一些創(chuàng)新隱喻，其中最為突出的是預(yù)警機(jī)制中的顏色隱喻，例如“暴雨藍(lán)色預(yù)警”、“干旱黃色預(yù)警”、“高溫橙色預(yù)警”等。通過(guò)使用顏色隱喻，天氣預(yù)報(bào)可以有效地引起觀眾的注意，提高他們對(duì)氣象災(zāi)害的警惕性。 本文不僅證明了概念隱喻理論適用于漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)語(yǔ)篇的分析，豐富了萊考夫概念隱喻理論，提高了這一理論的普遍適用性，更重要的是對(duì)漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)語(yǔ)篇的語(yǔ)言特征有了較深的了解，發(fā)現(xiàn)了漢語(yǔ)天氣預(yù)報(bào)中所使用的概念隱喻有不同于日常用語(yǔ)中的隱喻的獨(dú)特之處。
[Abstract]:Weather forecast guides people to arrange daily life and industrial and agricultural production, plays an indispensable role in our life. However, for a long time, because of the strong information nature of weather forecast, we habitually only pay attention to the practical value of weather forecast, but few linguists pay attention to the linguistic value of weather forecast. This provides a new perspective for the study of conceptual metaphor in weather forecasting discourse. Based on Lakoff's Conceptual metaphor Theory, this paper classifies conceptual metaphors into three categories: structural metaphor, orientation metaphor and substantive metaphor. Among them, substantive metaphor can be subdivided into material metaphor, container metaphor and personification. Because the Chinese corpus is analyzed and the theoretical framework used is from English, the author borrows the relevant new achievements in the research of modern Chinese in the process of analysis. Among the conceptual metaphors used in Chinese weather forecasting, physical metaphors account for the largest proportion. It is through the use of a large number of physical metaphors that weather forecasters make it easy for viewers to understand abstract concepts. Orientation metaphor is also a kind of conceptual metaphor used frequently in Chinese weather forecast. By using locational metaphors, people can understand non-spatial, abstract concepts such as time, quantity, state, hierarchy, etc. Although the use of structural metaphors in Chinese weather forecasting is relatively low, this kind of metaphor enables us to understand abstract and unfamiliar concepts through concrete and familiar things. It is found that although most of the conceptual metaphors used in Chinese weather forecasting are the same as those in daily life, there are some different metaphorical uses in weather forecasting. For example, the Chinese weather forecast uses "the higher the risk / the lower the risk" is a negative correlation. However, the frequently used locational metaphor in daily life is a positive correlation. There are also examples of container metaphors used in weather forecasting that are different from everyday life, such as "We are going to enter the Summer Solstice solar terms," unlike "the two countries can only work together into the 21st century to ensure peace in the world." Because the "we" in the previous example should be understood as the observer, not the projector, the real projectile should be abstract time. In addition, another feature of container metaphors is that weather conditions are often conceptualized as containers, for example, "but next week, southern and southern China will again enter a rainy phase." "the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are about to enter a period of concentrated rainfall." In addition to the traditional conceptual metaphors, there are also some innovative metaphors in Chinese weather forecast, among which the most prominent is the color metaphors in the warning mechanism, such as "rainstorm blue warning", "drought yellow warning", "high temperature orange warning" and so on. By using color metaphor, weather forecast can effectively attract the attention of the audience and enhance their vigilance against meteorological disasters. This paper not only proves that conceptual metaphor theory is applicable to the analysis of Chinese weather forecast discourses, but also enriches Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory and improves its universal applicability. More importantly, we have a deeper understanding of the linguistic features of Chinese weather forecast discourse, and find out that the conceptual metaphors used in Chinese weather forecasting are different from the metaphors in everyday language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H15

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