本文選題：“-死”構(gòu)式 + 句法　； 參考：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：“-死”構(gòu)式是現(xiàn)代漢語口語中大量使用的表動作或事物的性質(zhì)達(dá)到很高程度的表達(dá)形式。因為“死”字本身所具有的“生命結(jié)束”的含義，那么經(jīng)過虛化后作為程度補語仍然帶有這種令人忌諱的意義，并帶有極度夸張的意味，所以此構(gòu)式不適合出現(xiàn)在規(guī)章制度、新聞報導(dǎo)等注重客觀性的文體中。外國學(xué)生由于對“死”的本義和虛化義掌握的誤差，在正確理解和使用上也存在一定的難度。本文對“-死”構(gòu)式進(jìn)行考察，從句法、語義和語用三個平面，以及該構(gòu)式的對外漢語教學(xué)策略進(jìn)行了研究。 在句法方面，“-死”構(gòu)式具有半自足的句法義；可以變化成“S+V死+O”構(gòu)式；“-死”構(gòu)式無否定形式、比較形式和疑問形式。在語義方面，“死”字在虛化過程中其語境的改變和隱喻的認(rèn)知機制起了決定性的作用，使之獲得了極性程度的意義和較強的主觀性。在語義指向的問題上，“死”不帶賓語時，主語是第三人稱指人名詞或代詞，而且述語中心語是表生理感受的形容詞時，“-死”構(gòu)式的句子會產(chǎn)生歧義；“S+V死+O”構(gòu)式產(chǎn)生歧義的條件是：1.主語是第一、二、三人稱表人名詞或代詞，賓語由第三人稱表人名詞或代詞充當(dāng)；2.述語是二價的行為動詞。在語用方面，“-死”構(gòu)式體現(xiàn)了述語的貶義或說話人態(tài)度的夸張，以達(dá)到更好的修辭效果。 “S+V死+O”構(gòu)式可與把字句和被字句進(jìn)行互換，，但不同的述語中心詞決定了它能變換成把字句和被字句，或是只能變換成把字句，還是只能變換成被字句；“S+V死+O”構(gòu)式進(jìn)行主賓互易時，第一二人稱分別充當(dāng)主語和賓語時，主賓可以互換位置，而基本句義可以保持不變；第一三人稱分別充當(dāng)主語和賓語時，會出現(xiàn)歧義；第二三人稱充當(dāng)主語和賓語時，第二人稱在這類結(jié)構(gòu)的正向句中只能做客事或源事，而第三人稱的語義角色則比較自由。 本文從句法、語義和語用三方面提出了“-死”構(gòu)式的對外漢語教學(xué)策略，并嘗試運用“構(gòu)式-語塊”理論設(shè)計對外漢語各個課型的教案。
[Abstract]:"- death" construction is a kind of expression which is widely used in modern Chinese spoken Chinese. Because the word "death" itself has the meaning of "end of life", then as a complement of degree, it still has this taboo meaning and extremely exaggerated meaning, so this construction is not suitable for appearing in the rules and regulations. In an objective style, such as news reports. It is difficult for foreign students to correctly understand and use the original meaning and false meaning of death. This paper investigates the construction of "- death", from the three planes of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, as well as its strategies of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In syntactic aspect, "death" construction has semi-self-sufficient syntactic meaning; it can be changed into "S V dead O" construction; "-death" construction has no negative form, comparative form and interrogative form. In the aspect of semantics, the change of context and the cognitive mechanism of metaphor play a decisive role in the process of "death", which makes it have the meaning of polarity and strong subjectivity. When "death" has no object, the subject is the third person noun or pronoun, and when the head is an adjective to express physiological feelings, the sentence of "- death" will produce ambiguity. The condition for ambiguity of the "S V dead O" construction is: 1. The subject is the first, second, and third person nouns or pronouns, and the object is used as the third person nouns or pronouns. The predicate is a bivalent action verb. In the aspect of pragmatics, the construction of "death" embodies the derogatory meaning of the expression or the exaggeration of the speaker's attitude in order to achieve a better rhetorical effect. The construction of "S V dead O" can be interchanged with the sentence of "S V dead O", but the different central words determine whether it can be transformed into a sentence and a sentence, or can only be transformed into a sentence, or can only be changed into a sentence. When the "S V dead O" construction is exchanged between subject and object, when the first and second person acts as subject and object, the subject and object can exchange positions, while the basic meaning of sentence can remain unchanged, while the first and third person as subject and object will produce ambiguity. When the second person acts as the subject and object, the second person claims that only guest or source can be done in the positive sentence of this kind of structure, while the semantic role of the third person is relatively free. This paper puts forward the strategy of "death" construction in teaching Chinese as a foreign language from three aspects of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and tries to use the theory of "structure-chunks" to design the teaching plans of various classes of Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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