本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)喻 + 鄰近性　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)喻是語(yǔ)言中一種非常普遍的現(xiàn)象,目前已經(jīng)得到越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者關(guān)注。傳統(tǒng)上,轉(zhuǎn)喻被看成是一種修辭格。大部分學(xué)者的工作集中在轉(zhuǎn)喻的分類和運(yùn)行機(jī)制上。認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)喻不僅僅是一種修辭效果,同時(shí)也是從本體到喻體的一個(gè)認(rèn)知過(guò)程。當(dāng)我們討論轉(zhuǎn)喻的時(shí)候,我們不能忽略雅各布森的研究成果,正是他把轉(zhuǎn)喻與組合關(guān)系聯(lián)系在一起,這是轉(zhuǎn)喻研究泛化的開始。從此,轉(zhuǎn)喻和隱喻就經(jīng)常一起被當(dāng)成是我們語(yǔ)言知識(shí)構(gòu)成的最基本的過(guò)程。鄰近性在轉(zhuǎn)喻的定義中非常重要。傳統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)喻觀把鄰近性看成是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的鄰近,而認(rèn)知轉(zhuǎn)喻觀則把鄰近性看成是概念層面上的。至于轉(zhuǎn)喻是實(shí)體之間還是概念域之間的關(guān)系還存在分歧,而且不是所有的鄰近關(guān)系都能產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)喻效果。我們知道,轉(zhuǎn)喻具有模糊性,在語(yǔ)言的各個(gè)層面上都有可能發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)喻關(guān)系,比如詞語(yǔ)層面、語(yǔ)法層面以及語(yǔ)用層面。概念轉(zhuǎn)喻在語(yǔ)義演變以及詞匯意義的理解上起著非常重要的作用。漢語(yǔ)詞類的歧義性主要是由于轉(zhuǎn)喻機(jī)制在起作用,尤其是名詞動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,所以有人認(rèn)為漢語(yǔ)是一種轉(zhuǎn)喻的語(yǔ)言。在語(yǔ)用學(xué)中有的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家把間接言語(yǔ)行為也看成是一種轉(zhuǎn)喻。在他們看來(lái),說(shuō)話人采用間接言語(yǔ)行為的方式也能達(dá)到其他言語(yǔ)行為可以達(dá)到的效果。轉(zhuǎn)喻由此被看成是由動(dòng)態(tài)的語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)用因素控制的。而另外一些語(yǔ)用學(xué)家則嘗試著解釋交際中的轉(zhuǎn)喻作用以及語(yǔ)用推理中的轉(zhuǎn)喻作用。而有些常規(guī)化的轉(zhuǎn)喻其實(shí)并不需要推理,比如“你能把鹽遞給我嗎?”這樣一句話,我們不應(yīng)該理解成詢問(wèn),而要理解成一種請(qǐng)求,這就需要我們從其他角度去理解這個(gè)句子的意思。
[Abstract]:Metonymy is a very common phenomenon in language, which has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Traditionally, metonymy is regarded as a figure of speech. Most scholars' work focuses on the classification and operation mechanism of metonymy. Cognitive linguists believe that metonymy is not only a rhetorical effect, but also a cognitive process from ontology to metaphor. When we discuss metonymy, we cannot ignore Jacobson's research results, which is the beginning of the generalization of metonymy research. Since then, metonymy and metaphor have often been taken together as the most basic process of our linguistic knowledge. Proximity is very important in the definition of metonymy. The traditional metonymy view regards proximity as proximity in the real world, while cognitive metonymy views proximity as conceptual. There are still differences as to whether metonymy is a relationship between entities or concept domains, and not all adjacent relationships can produce metonymy effects. We know that metonymy is fuzzy, and metonymy relations may occur at all levels of language, such as lexical level, grammatical level and pragmatic level. Conceptual metonymy plays an important role in semantic evolution and the understanding of lexical meaning. The ambiguity of Chinese parts of speech is mainly due to the metonymy mechanism, especially the transformation of noun verbs, so some people think that Chinese is a metonymy language. Some linguists in pragmatics regard indirect speech acts as metonymy. In their opinion, the speaker can achieve the same effect as other speech acts by using indirect speech act. Metonymy is thus viewed as controlled by dynamic context and pragmatic factors. Other pragmatics try to explain metonymy in communication and metonymy in pragmatic reasoning. Some conventional metonyms don't require reasoning, like, "can you pass me the salt?" Such a sentence should not be understood as an inquiry, but as a request, which requires us to understand the meaning of the sentence from other angles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H05

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