發(fā)布時間：2018-06-16 09:30

  本文選題：插入語 + “說”　； 參考：《南開大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：本文研究的對象是由“說”構(gòu)成的插入語,首先我們對“說”類插入語作一個總體介紹,然后詳細研究五個個案。全文共八章,各章內(nèi)容如下。 第一章,緒論。本章介紹文章研究的對象和選題由來、當前學界對“說”類插入語研究的現(xiàn)狀(取得哪些成績,還有哪些不足)、我們所要研究的問題以及語料來源。 第二章,“說”類插入語概論。本章旨在對現(xiàn)代漢語“說”類插入語做一個比較全面、詳細的考察。從形式上看,“說”類插入語大多數(shù)屬于完整式,其組成成分不能隨意替換。從位置上看。從位置上看,有的“說”類插入語位置相對固定的位置,有的插入語位置則比較靈活。從功能上看,“說”類插入語在句中的話語功能非常復雜。此外,我們還研究了“說”類插入語與“想”、“看”類插入語之間具有哪些關(guān)系。 第三章,責怪義插入語“我說什么來著”研究。本章研究的“我說什么來著”是一個表達說話人情感的插入語,它的功能是說話人已經(jīng)告訴聽話人要怎樣(或不要怎樣),否則會出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的后果,但是聽話人并沒有按照說話人的意愿去做,結(jié)果出現(xiàn)了說話人預期的結(jié)果。由于聽話人違反了說話人的意愿,所以說話人用該插入語來表達自己對聽話人不滿、責備這一主觀情感。在形式上,插入語“我說什么來著”所處語段會出現(xiàn)“生氣”、“抱怨”等詞語來體現(xiàn)不滿語氣。在話語中要具備一定的語義背景才能夠使用該插入語,我們介紹了該插入語的使用條件及特點。 第四章,傳信功能插入語“說是”研究。本章通過研究認為“說是”在共時平面有四種用法：1)跨層結(jié)構(gòu)“說是”,2)引語功能“說是”,3)傳信功能“說是”,4)反敘實功能“說是”。我們將跨層結(jié)構(gòu)跨“說是”稱為“說是1”,引語功能“說是”稱為“說是2”,傳信功能“說是”稱為“說是3”,反敘實功能“說是”稱為“說是4”。我們詳細描述了這四種用法的特點及它們之間的差別。從“說是1”—“說是4”是逐步虛化的過程,不同的階段發(fā)生虛化或詞匯化的機制和動因不同。 第五章,遲疑功能插入語“怎么說呢”研究。談話語體具有應(yīng)時即景這一特點,所以說話人在表達思想、傳遞信息時會一邊組織話語一邊進行表達,此時說話人就采用相關(guān)手段來延緩思考時間,以便組織話語讓交際順利進行。插入語“怎么說呢”在語句中就是說話人用來調(diào)節(jié)說話節(jié)奏,為說話人爭取了思考的時間,來保證交際的順利進行和完整性,實現(xiàn)其元語功能,它的有無不影響句子的語義真值。在具體語境中,導致遲疑的原因有換言表達、具體解釋等不同情況。 第六章,頓悟義插入語“我說呢”及主觀化研究。插入語“我說呢”表達說話人對某件事情不清楚或不明白,經(jīng)其他人解釋說明,了解其原因后所表現(xiàn)出來的一種恍然大悟的心情。在語篇中要具備三個條件才能夠使用該插入語：首先,說話人事先按照常規(guī)做出一個斷言或預期；其次,發(fā)生某一違反常規(guī)或自己預期的事件；最后是通過他人的解釋或自己的觀察得到發(fā)生這一事件的原因。說說話人在明白反常規(guī)事件的原因后,才能夠使用插入語“我說呢”,它所在的語段處于接應(yīng)話輪,表達反預期信息。 第七章,舉例功能插入語“你比如說”研究。插入語“你比如說”具有舉例、話題和假設(shè)三種功能,各個功能在形式上有不同的表現(xiàn),話題功能和假設(shè)功能是從舉例功能演變而來。在該插入語中“你”和“說”不是必要的組成成分,只是具有特殊的話語功能。同時插入語“你比如說”在現(xiàn)代漢語中還存在不同的變體“比如”、“你比如”、“比如說”,我們還分析了不同變體之間的異同之處。 第八章,結(jié)語。本章主要是對全文做出一個總結(jié),并且介紹了還有哪些“說”類插入語值得研究,以及我們以后需要繼續(xù)深入研究的地方。 綜上,我們對“說”類插入語進行了研究,通過研究對“說”類插入語的形式、功能等有了一個較為全面深入的認識,希望本文的研究成果能對漢語教學有一定幫助。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is the parenthesis made up of "speaking". First, we make a general introduction to the "said" type of parenthesis, and then study five cases in detail. The full text is eight chapters, and the contents of each chapter are as follows.
The first chapter, introduction. This chapter introduces the object of the study and the origin of the topic, the current academic circles on the status of the study of the "said" type of parenthesis (what achievements, what are the shortcomings), the problems we need to study and the source of the corpus.
The second chapter is an introduction to the "say" type of parenthesis. This chapter aims to make a comprehensive and detailed investigation of the modern Chinese "speaking" parentheses. In form, most of the "said" parentheses belong to the complete form, and their components can not be replaced at will. From the position, some of the "said" parentheses are relatively fixed. The position of the parenthesis is more flexible. In terms of function, the function of the "said" type of parenthesis is very complex in the sentence. In addition, we also study the relationship between the "say" type inserts and the "think" and "see" the parentheses.
The third chapter, blame the meaning insert, "what do I say". "What do I say" in this chapter is an expression of the speaker's emotion; its function is that the speaker has told the listener how (or not), or there will be a corresponding consequence, but the hearer does not do it according to the speaker's wishes. The result appears the result of the speaker's expectation. Because the speaker violates the speaker's wishes, the speaker uses the parenthesis to express his dissatisfaction with the hearer and reproach the subjective emotion. In the form, the phrase "what I say" will appear "angry", "complaining" and other words to embody the discontent. It is necessary to have a certain semantic background to use the parenthesis. We have introduced the conditions and characteristics of the parenthesis.
The fourth chapter is the study of the word "say". In this chapter, we think that "say is" in the synchronic plane has four uses: 1) the cross layer structure "say is", "2) the function of the quotation," say is "," 3 "the function" say ", 4) the anti Syrian function" say is ". We call the cross layer structure" say is 1 ", the quotation function. "Say is" is called "say is 2", the function of "saying is" is called "saying is 3", and the anti Syrian function "saying is" is called "saying is 4". We describe the characteristics of the four uses and the differences between them in detail. From "say is 1" - "say is 4" is a process of gradual deficiency and a mechanism of virtual or lexicalization at different stages. It is different from the motivation.
The fifth chapter is the study of "how to say" in the hesitant functional parenthesis. The style of the conversation has the characteristic of the time view, so the speaker expresses his thoughts and transfers the information while expressing it. At this time the speaker uses the relevant means to postpone the thinking time so as to organize the discourse to carry on the communication smoothly. In a statement, the speaker is used to regulate the rhythm of the speech and the time for the speaker to think, to ensure the smooth progress and integrity of the communication, to realize its meta function, and to affect the true value of the sentence. In the specific context, the reasons for the delay are expressed in different situations, such as the specific explanation, and so on.
The sixth chapter, the Epiphany "I say" and the subjective study. "I say" the phrase "I say" to express the speaker is not clear or clear to a thing, the explanation of the explanation, understand the cause of a sudden feeling. In the text, there are three conditions to be able to use the parenthesis: first, A speaker first makes a assertion or expectation according to a routine; secondly, an event that breaks a routine or one's own expectation; and the last is the reason for the occurrence of the event by another's interpretation or observation. It is said that the speaker can use the insert, "I say", after understanding the reasons for the anti conventional event. The segment is in the answer turn, expressing anti - expectation information.
The seventh chapter, as an example of the functional insert, "you say", "you say", "you say" have examples, topics and hypotheses, three functions, each function is different in form, the function of the topic and the function of the hypothesis evolved from the example function. In the insert, "you" and "say" are not necessary components, just There are special discourse functions. At the same time, the parenthesis, "you say," in modern Chinese there are different variants, such as "you", "say", "say," and we also analyze the similarities and differences between different variants.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion. This chapter mainly makes a summary of the full text, and introduces what kind of "say" parentheses are worth studying, and where we need to continue to study further in the future.
To sum up, we have studied the "said" type of parenthesis. Through the study, we have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the form and function of the "said" type of inserting language, and hope that the research results of this article can help Chinese teaching.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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