發(fā)布時間：2018-06-05 11:48

  本文選題：廣西平話 + 清擦音��； 參考：《廣西師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：擦音是輔音的一種發(fā)音方法,發(fā)音時,發(fā)音器官彼此靠攏,形成狹窄的通道,氣流通過時造成湍流而發(fā)生摩擦,發(fā)出噪音。(2006,鮑懷翹)依據氣流的強弱,擦音可分為咝音和呼音,通過聲道收縮點發(fā)出的噪音,氣流較弱,聽上去比較柔和,稱為呼音,若通過收縮點之后又沖擊到某個阻擋物形成的噪音,氣流較強,稱為咝音,典型的擦音是咝音,而且是清咝音。擦音的聲學特征可以通過聲譜圖和能量集中區(qū)來體現,擦音在聲譜圖上表現為雜亂的豎線亂紋,且在時間軸上分布較寬,一般都有幾十毫秒；輔音的發(fā)音部位不同,其能量的強頻區(qū)也不同,因此,依據語圖強頻區(qū)的位置和強弱聚散,可以分辨擦音的發(fā)音部位。擦音是一種摩擦噪音,其能量很強,頻譜峰值和頻譜重心都表示擦音能量的集中區(qū),峰值表示擦音音高的最值,也即振幅的最值,頻譜重心表示擦音攜帶能量最大時的頻率值；強度則是從能量的角度來計算聲音的大小,所以通過測量擦音的頻譜峰值、頻譜重心和強度,我們可以分辨不同的擦音以及同一擦音在不同環(huán)境下的特征。 本文擬選桂北永福、桂南橫縣兩個代表點的方言為研究對象,嘗試從實驗語音學的角度,采用聲學實驗、praat提取數據、計算機統(tǒng)計分析、制圖等手段,以單字和雙音節(jié)的擦音字組為實驗材料。通過擦音段時長、頻譜重心、頻譜峰值和平均強度的分析,探討各個擦音聲母在單字和雙音節(jié)字組中的特性,繪制擦音格局圖,并進行單字與雙音節(jié)字組的內部對比,桂北永福與桂南橫縣的對比,考察桂北、桂南擦音的特點,分析影響擦音特性的因素。全文主要分為五部分： 第一部分是概述。簡述本文的寫作緣由,同時對以往的研究做系統(tǒng)的描述,包括對平話的研究,國內外對擦音的研究,并確定本文的研究方法、研究目的和研究思路。 第二部分是廣西平話擦音音系層面的考察與分析。本部分對以往關于廣西平話的研究進行梳理,將桂北點和桂南點的擦音進行統(tǒng)計,從音系層面探討平話擦音與中古擦音的關系。桂南、桂北擦音有其內在的一致性,唇齒擦音／f/都主要來自古非母、曉母字；齦擦音/s/來自古精組字；聲門擦音/h/都主要來自溪母和匣母字；桂北的齦-硬腭擦音／(?)/主要來自古書母、心母字,而桂南的齦邊擦音／(?)/主要來自古心母,書母,生母,禪母,船母,邪母,崇母,匣母。在拼合能力上,桂北永福,唇齒擦音/f/和聲門擦音/h/既能與洪音相拼又能與細音相拼,齦擦音／s/只能與洪音相拼,齦-硬腭擦音／(?)/只能與細音相拼；在桂南橫縣,唇齒擦音/f/、齦擦音／s/、聲門擦音／h／和清邊擦音／(?)/既能與洪音相拼又能與細音相拼。 第三部分是桂北永福平話擦音的聲學實驗。本部分介紹了桂北永福平話擦音的實驗說明、單字實驗結果分析、雙字實驗結果分析。實驗說明包括實驗內容、參數提取、實驗字表、發(fā)音人以及實驗方法；單字實驗主要考察桂北永福平話擦音的聲學特點；雙字實驗主要考察影響桂北永福平話擦音特性的因素。 第四部分是桂南橫縣平話擦音的聲學實驗。本部分介紹了桂南橫縣平話擦音的實驗說明、單字實驗結果分析、雙字實驗結果分析。 第五部分是桂北永福與桂南橫縣平話擦音的比較與討論。本部分主要是對桂北永福和桂南橫縣平話擦音的特點進行比較,梳理二者的異同,同時歸納影響擦音特性的因素。 第三、四、五部分系文章的重點,桂北永福的擦音分為三類,一是譜重心高、平均強度小的擦音,為聲門擦音／h／,二是譜重心高、平均強度大的擦音,為齦-硬腭擦音／(?)/,三是譜重心低,平均強度也低的擦音,包括唇齒擦音/f/和齦擦音／s／,由此可知：擦音的譜重心高,在時域上長度也較長,發(fā)音部位較為靠后,反之亦然。桂南橫縣的擦音(邊擦音)分為三類,：一是譜重心高、平均強度大的擦音,為聲門擦音／h／,二是譜重心低、平均強度大的擦音,包括齦擦音／s／和清邊擦音／(?)/,三是譜重心低、平均強度也小的擦音,為唇齒擦音／f/.從擦音格局圖上看,齦擦音/s/和邊擦音／(?)/在空間圖中的位置接近,都是頻譜重心低、平均強度大的一類,二者有一定的相同之處。頻譜重心、噪音峰點和平均強度決定擦音特征；擦輔音后接元音的不同、鼻韻尾的有無、雙字組合中前字有無鼻化韻(鼻韻)尾、前字以不同元音結尾等都影響擦音特性,另外語流也會影響擦音的特性。擦音段時長、頻譜重心、噪音峰點和平均強度之間存在一定的互補性。
[Abstract]:Sound is a method of pronunciation of consonants, pronunciation, the pronunciation organs close together, forming a narrow channel, air flow through the turbulence caused by friction, noise. (2006, Bao Huaiqiao) according to the strength of the air, the rubbing can be divided into a hissing sound and a call, through the sound of the noise, the airflow is weaker, it sounds softer, so softer, called softer, known as If the noise is formed by a barrier after the contraction point, the air flow is strong, and it is called a hissing sound. The typical fricative is hissing sound, and it is a hissing sound. The acoustic characteristics of the fricative can be reflected by the sonogram and the energy concentration area. The fricative is a messy vertical line on the sonogram, and it is widely distributed on the time axis. Generally there are dozens of milliseconds; the sound part of the consonant is different and the strong frequency area of its energy is different. Therefore, according to the position of the strong frequency area and the strength and dispersion, the position of the articulation can be distinguished. The frictional noise is a kind of friction noise, its energy is very strong, the peak value of the spectrum and the frequency spectrum are all the concentrated area of the rubbing energy, the peak is the fricative sound. The highest value of the high, that is, the maximum of the amplitude, the center of gravity indicates that the fricative carries the frequency of the maximum energy; the intensity is the calculation of the size of the sound from the angle of the energy, so by measuring the spectrum peak, the center of gravity and the intensity of the fricative, we can distinguish the different fricative and the characteristics of the same rub under different circumstances.
This paper is to choose the dialect of two representative points of Hengxian in Yongfu and southern Guangxi as the research object. From the angle of experimental phonetics, we try to use acoustic experiment, Praat to extract data, computer statistical analysis, drawing and other means, and use the single word and double syllable fricative word group as experimental materials. The characteristics of each consonant in the single word and the double syllable word group are discussed, the pattern of the fricative pattern is drawn, and the internal contrast between the single word and the double syllable group is compared. The comparison between Yongfu and Hengxian in the south of Guangxi is made to examine the characteristics of the fricative in the north of Guangxi and the south of Guangxi, and to analyze the factors affecting the specificity of the fricative. The full text is divided into five parts:
The first part is an overview of the reasons for the writing of this article, and a systematic description of the previous research, including the research on the flat dialect, the research on the fricative at home and abroad, and the determination of the research methods, the purpose and the research ideas of this article.
The second part is the investigation and analysis of the level of the Guangxi dialect phonetic system. This part combs the previous research on Guangxi dialect, and makes statistics on the fricative of the northern Guangxi and South Guangxi points, and discusses the relationship between the smooth dialect and the middle ancient fricative from the phonological level. From ancient times to mother, dawn mother word; gingival fricative /s/ comes from the ancient essence group; glottal fricative /h/ is mainly from brook mother and casket mother word; gums hard palate / (?) / mainly from ancient book mother, heart mother word, and gingival edge Wipe / (?) / mainly from ancient heart, mother, mother, mother, mother, mother, mother, mother, box mother. North Yongfu, the /f/ and the glottal fricative /h/ can be spelled with the sound of the flood and the fine sound, the gingival friction / s/ can only be spelled with the flood sound, the gums hard palate (?) / (?) / can only be spelled with the fine tone; in Hengxian of South Guangxi, the lips and teeth are fricative, the gingival fricative / s/, the glottal fricative / h / and the clear edge fricative / (?) / both can be combined with the flood sound and can both spell together with the flood sound and spelt with the fine tone.
The third part is the acoustic experiment of the fricative in the Yongfu Ping Dialect in northern Guangxi. This part introduces the experimental description of the fricative in the Yongfu Ping Dialect in North Guangxi, the analysis of the results of the single word experiment and the analysis of the results of the double character experiment. The experimental description includes the experiment content, the parameter extraction, the experiment word table, the pronunciation man and the experimental method, and the single word experiment mainly inspects the fricative of the Yongfu Ping Dialect in North Guangxi. The double character experiment mainly investigates the factors that affect the fricative characteristics of Yongfu Ping Dialect in northern Guangxi.
The fourth part is the acoustic experiment of the Hengxian Ping Dialect in southern Guangxi. This part introduces the experimental explanation of the Hengxian Ping Dialect in southern Guangxi, the result analysis of the single word experiment, and the analysis of the results of the double character experiment.
The fifth part is the comparison and discussion of the fricative between Yongfu and Hengxian Ping Dialect in the north of Guangxi. This part is mainly a comparison of the characteristics of the fricative in Yongfu and Hengxian Ping Dialect in the north of Guangxi, combing the similarities and differences of the two, and inducing the factors affecting the characteristics of the fricative.
Third, fourth, the five part of the main points of the article, Yongfu in northern Guangxi is divided into three categories, one is the high center of gravity, the average intensity of the fricative, the glottal fricative / h /, two is the high center of gravity, the average intensity of the high, the gingival hard palate / (?) /, three is the low center of gravity, and the average intensity is low, including the lips and teeth fricative and gingival fricative / S /, It can be seen that the spectral center of gravity of the fricative is high, the length of the time in the time is long, the position of pronunciation is relatively back, and vice versa. The fricative (edge fricative) of Hengxian in the south of Guangxi is divided into three categories: one is the high barycenter of the spectrum, the average intensity of the fricative, the glottal fricative / h /, the two is the low center of gravity of the spectrum and the average intensity of the fricative, including the gingival fricative / S / and clear edge fricative. / (?) /, three is the low center of gravity, and the average intensity is small. For the lip rub / f/. from the fricative pattern, gingival fricative /s/ and edge fricative / (?) / in the space map are close, all are the low center of gravity of the spectrum, the average intensity is large, the two have some similarities. The spectrum center of gravity, noise peak point and average intensity determine the fricative characteristics. When the consonants are wiped, the vowels are different, the nasal rhyme is or not, the front words in the double word combination have no nasal rhyme (nose rhyme) tail, and the front words are affected by the end of different vowels, and the other foreign language flow also affects the characteristics of the erasle. The length of the erasable segment, the center of the spectrum, the peak of the noise and the average intensity have some complementarity.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H17

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本文編號：1981890