本文選題：鹽山話 + 兒化　； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：鹽山縣位于河北東南部，屬于冀魯官話滄州片。鹽山話方言有一定的研究價值，但目前對該方言的研究還不夠深入。本文主要以鹽山縣城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)為方言點，在實地調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，從共時與歷時兩個層面對鹽山話的語音面貌、語音特點及演變規(guī)律進(jìn)行靜態(tài)與動態(tài)的描寫，為滄州片方言研究提供一些參考資料。 本文主要討論五個問題，第一、對鹽山話的聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行靜態(tài)描寫，并編制出同音字匯表，討論連讀變調(diào)與兒化韻，，與特殊讀音問題。第二、從聲韻調(diào)三方面將鹽山話與中古語音系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行對比分析，從縱向的角度觀察其語音發(fā)展軌跡。第三、將鹽山話與近代語音系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行比較研究，揭示鹽山話語音發(fā)展的特點。第四、主要討論中古知莊章在鹽山話的讀音差異以及古入聲字的演變情況。第五、分別從聲母、韻母、聲調(diào)三方面分析鹽山話與普通話的語音差異，并探討其推普對策。 經(jīng)過研究，本文得出以下結(jié)論： 一、鹽山方言語音系統(tǒng)有23個聲母，37個韻母，3個聲調(diào)。該方言存在復(fù)雜的連讀變調(diào)現(xiàn)象，兒化詞豐富，此外還存在一些由語流音變引起的特殊讀音。 二、從中古到現(xiàn)代鹽山話聲韻調(diào)演變的總趨勢以簡化合流為主。聲母方面，古知莊章三組聲母的字在該方言讀舌尖前音的比例明顯大于普通話，其分化與韻母的攝、等、呼有一定的關(guān)系；古屬疑、影、以、云四個聲母，普通話讀開口呼零聲母的字，該方言讀聲母。韻母方面，山咸二攝舒聲韻母韻尾弱化，演變?yōu)楸腔�；古代屬果攝、遇攝的一部分字在普通話的韻母為o或uo，在鹽山話演變?yōu)榛騯。聲調(diào)方面，古濁聲母平聲字與上聲合流；古入聲調(diào)在鹽山話派入到陰平、上聲、去聲中去，演變條件與聲母的清濁有關(guān)系。 三、從近代到現(xiàn)代鹽山話，聲母由19個演變?yōu)?3個，韻母由46個演變?yōu)?7個，聲調(diào)由4個演變?yōu)?個。聲母方面，《中原音韻》的卷舌音在鹽山話讀為卷舌音與舌尖前音兩套聲母；從《中原音韻》舌尖前音與舌根音中分化出舌面音；《中原音韻》一部分合口零聲母字在鹽山話讀為聲母，一部分開口零聲母讀為聲母；《中原音韻》唇音和舌尖中音的一部分不送氣聲母的字在鹽山話讀為送氣音；《中原音韻》唇音與合口呼相拼，在鹽山話只能與合口u元音相拼。韻母方面，《中原音韻》的m韻尾消失，一部分演變?yōu)楸腔�，一部分與n韻尾合流；由《中原音韻》的介音iu滋生出了撮口y元音，形成四呼格局；由《中原音韻》的元音滋生出了卷舌元音。聲調(diào)方面，《中原音韻》的陽平在鹽山話與上聲合流，古清聲母入聲字在《中原音韻》歸入上聲調(diào)，在鹽山話分別派入到陰平、上聲、去聲。 四、本文針對鹽山話的語音特點提出了推廣普通話的辦法。 本文的創(chuàng)新點在于，從基本音系、兒化、連讀變調(diào)及鹽山話語音系統(tǒng)幾個問題進(jìn)行描寫，通過比較弄清鹽山話語音系統(tǒng)的來源與特點，同時針對該方言區(qū)的語音特點，對該方言區(qū)的人如何學(xué)好普通話的問題提出一些辦法。
[Abstract]:Yanshan county is located in the southeast of Hebei and belongs to the Jizu dialect of Cangzhou. Yanshan dialect has some research value, but the study of the dialect is not deep enough at present. This article mainly takes the Chengguan town of Yanshan County as the dialect point and on the basis of the field investigation, it faces the phonetic features, phonetic features and evolution of Yanshan dialect from the two layers of synchronic and diachronic layers. Static and dynamic description is provided to provide some reference materials for the study of Cangzhou dialect.
This paper mainly discusses five problems. First, it makes a static description of the sound and rhyme system of Yanshan dialect, and compiles a homophone table to discuss the consonant tone and the rhyme, and the problem of special pronunciation. Second, the comparison and analysis of the phonological system of Yanshan and the middle ancient speech system are carried out from the three aspects of the sound rhyme, and the phonetic development track is observed from the longitudinal angle. Three, a comparative study of Yanshan dialect and modern phonetic system is carried out to reveal the characteristics of the phonetic development of Yanshan dialect. Fourth, the difference in pronunciation and the evolution of ancient entry words in Yanshan dialect are mainly discussed. Fifth, from three aspects of the consonant, vowel and tone, the phonetic differences between Yanshan and Putonghua are analyzed, and their Putonghua is discussed. Policy.
After research, this paper draws the following conclusions:
First, the phonetic system in Yanshan dialect has 23 consonants, 37 vowels and 3 tones. The dialect has a complex tone and variety of tone, rich words, and some special pronunciation caused by the change of the language.
Two, from mediaeval to modern Yanshan dialect, the general trend of sound rhythm evolution is to simplify confluence. In the case of the consonant, the proportion of the three groups of the consonants in the dialect of Guzhi Zhuang Zhang in the dialect is obviously larger than that of the Mandarin, its differentiation and the vowel, and so on. In this dialect, the dialect reads the consonant. In the vowel aspect, the rhyme of the two photography of Shu Sheng vowel is weakened and evolved into a nasal rhyme; the ancient fruit photography, a part of the Chinese vowel in Mandarin is o or uo, in the Yanshan dialect or in the tone of the U., the ancient voiced consonants confluence with the upper sound; the ancient accentuated tone is sent into the Yin, the sound, and the voiceless in the Yanshan dialect. To go, the condition of evolution is related to the voiceless of the consonant.
Three, from modern to modern Yanshan dialect, the consonant has evolved from 19 to 23, and the vowel has evolved from 46 to 37, and the tone has evolved from 4 to 3. In the case of the consonant, the vowel of the Zhongyuan phonology is read as a consonant and a two consonant at the tip of the tongue in the dialect of the Central Plains, and from the central tone to the tongue and the root of the tongue; The consonant zero consonant word is read as the consonant in Yanshan dialect, and a part of the opening zero consonant reads as the consonant; the part of the Zhongyuan phonology, the lip and the tip of the tongue can be read as the air tone in Yanshan dialect; < Zhongyuan phonology > lip sound and Hekou call, in Yanshan dialect, can only be combined with the consonant vowel. In vowel, < Zhongyuan phonology > 'rhyme. Tail vanished, part of the evolution of rhinological rhyme, part and N rhyme confluence; the "central sound rhyme" IU to produce a Y vowel, forming a four vocals, and the vowel of the Zhongyuan phonology bred a vowel. In the tone, "Zhongyuan phonology >" in the Yanshan dialect and the upper sound, the ancient sononas in the Zhongyuan phonology > return. In the tone, Yanshan dialect was sent to Yin Ping, Sheng Sheng and De Sheng.
Four, this paper proposes a way to popularize Putonghua according to the phonetic characteristics of Yanshan dialect.
The innovation of this paper is to describe the problems of the phonetic system in Yanshan dialect from the basic phonology, the childhood, the continuous tone and the voice system of the dialect. By comparing the sources and characteristics of the phonetic system in Yanshan dialect, and aiming at the phonetic characteristics of the dialect area, some methods are put forward to the problem of how to learn the conversation of the dialect in the dialect area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H172.1

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