本文選題：“來” + “去”��； 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語動詞可以區(qū)分為“述人動詞”和“非述人動詞”兩大類。迄今為止，動詞研究的一系列重要成果主要體現(xiàn)在“述人動詞”的研究方面，取得了豐碩的成果；關(guān)于“非述人動詞”尚缺乏全面深入的專門考察，，對具體動詞非述人用法的特點及其與述人用法的同異也還沒有見到比較充分的詳細分析。“來”和“去”是漢語中最常用的兩個動詞，使用頻率高，用法復雜，前人對其句法、語義、語用特征及所構(gòu)成的相關(guān)格式等方面多有關(guān)注，但對其非述人用法還沒有專門的研究。本文綜合運用配價理論、標記理論、認知語法等理論、方法，對現(xiàn)代漢語動詞“來、去”非述人用法進行研究。 本文的研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面：首先是緒論部分，主要對目前關(guān)于“來、去”用法的研究現(xiàn)狀進行總結(jié)，并說明本文研究的問題及意義。 第一章針對“非述人動詞”尚無專門闡釋的情況，就什么是“非述人動詞”做出界定，說明“非述人動詞”包括哪些特征。而后在考察大量語料的基礎(chǔ)上，歸納總結(jié)非述人“來、去”的意義特征，從詞典釋義和具體、抽象兩個方面進行概括舉例。 第二章對非述人“來、去”的句法特征進行分析。動詞根據(jù)是否可由動作發(fā)出者主觀決定、自由支配，區(qū)分為自主動詞和非自主動詞。分析表明非述人“來、去”多是屬于非自主范疇。由于漢語動詞從及物和不及物的角度劃分，是界限不清楚的分類，本文跳出及物不及物的角度，從配價理論出發(fā)，將非述人“來、去”分別劃分為一價動詞和二價動詞。二價動詞后可帶賓語，進而對非述人“來、去”帶賓能力進行了考察。“來、去”一直是現(xiàn)代漢語中重要的趨向動詞，我們將其非述人用法做趨向補語加以分類，并分析祈使功能中肯定祈使和否定祈使的運用。 第三章闡釋“來、去”非述人用法的對稱、不對稱性。對稱性體現(xiàn)在非述人“來、去”帶賓類型對稱、后接補語語義類型的對稱及形式、意義特征的對稱三個方面。不對稱性體現(xiàn)在適應句型的不對稱和句法功能的不對稱兩個方面。 第四章主要從能否構(gòu)成連動結(jié)構(gòu)、是否能做趨向補語和自主性強弱等角度對非述人“來、去”和述人“來、去”用法做比較描寫。 本文的研究采取描寫與解釋相結(jié)合、歸納和演繹相結(jié)合的研究方法，致力于論述常用動詞“來、去”非述人用法的語義、句法、語用方面有哪些特點，與述人“來、去”用法有哪些相同和不同之處。為今后更全面地研究“非述人動詞”及兼用動詞的非述人用法打下一定的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Chinese verbs can be divided into two categories: narrator verbs and non-declarative verbs. So far, a series of important achievements in the study of verbs have been mainly reflected in the research of "human verbs", and they have achieved fruitful results, and there is still a lack of a comprehensive and in-depth special investigation on "non-human verbs". The characteristics of the use of specific verbs and their similarities and differences with their usage have not been fully analyzed in detail. "Lai" and "go" are the two most commonly used verbs in Chinese, with high frequency of use and complicated usage. Previous scholars have paid more attention to their syntactic, semantic, pragmatic features and related forms. However, there is no special research on its non-declarative usage. Based on the theories of valence theory, marker theory, cognitive grammar and so on, this paper makes a study of the use of the verb "Lai" and "go" in modern Chinese. The research content of this paper includes the following aspects: first, the introduction part, mainly summarizes the present research status of the usage of "come, go", and explains the problems and significance of this study. The first chapter defines what is a "non-narrator verb" and explains the characteristics of the "non-declarative verb" in view of the fact that there is no special explanation for "non-narrator verb". Then, on the basis of investigating a large number of data, the author summarizes the meaning characteristics of "come, go" of non-narrator, and generalizes and gives examples from two aspects of lexicon interpretation, concrete and abstract. The second chapter analyzes the syntactic features of the non-narrator "come, go". Verbs are divided into autonomous verbs and non-autonomous verbs according to whether they can be determined by the action issuer. The analysis shows that the non-narrator "come, go" mostly belongs to the category of non-autonomy. Since Chinese verbs are classified from the angle of transitivity and intransitivity, they are classified with unclear boundaries. From the perspective of transitivity intransitivity and from the theory of valence, this paper divides the "coming and going" of non-narratives into univalent verbs and bivalent verbs, respectively. The bivalent verb can be followed by an object, and then the ability of the non-narrator to "come, go" is investigated. "come, go" has always been an important directional verb in modern Chinese. We classify its non-narrator usage as directional complement and analyze the use of positive imperative and negative imperative in imperative function. The third chapter explains the symmetry and asymmetry of non-narrator usage. Symmetry is embodied in three aspects: "coming, going", symmetry with object type, symmetry and form of semantic type followed by complement, and symmetry of meaning characteristics. Asymmetry is embodied in the asymmetry of sentence pattern and the asymmetry of syntactic function. The fourth chapter mainly describes the usage of "come, go" and "go" from the angles of whether the structure of continuous action can be formed, whether the tendency complement can be made and whether the autonomy is strong or not. The fourth chapter makes a comparative description of the usage of "come, go" and "go" of non-narrator. The research in this paper is based on the combination of description and interpretation, induction and deduction. It is devoted to expounding the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic characteristics of the common verb "come" and "non-narrator". What are the similarities and differences in the use of "go"? It will lay a foundation for a more comprehensive study on the use of "non-declarative verbs" and "non-declarative verbs" in the future.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1893695