本文選題：性質詞 + 基元釋義　； 參考：《南京師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：形容詞是現代漢語詞類的重要組成部分,表示人、事物的屬性或狀態(tài)。本研究回顧了前人對形容詞次范疇研究的成果,并對形容詞“四分法”進行了介紹。在國外基元釋義研究和國內釋義實踐的基礎上,用限量詞匯對現代漢語常用性質詞進行基元釋義。 重新定義性質詞和狀態(tài)詞,將增飾詞和增度詞的部分詞語納入性質詞的范疇。制定語義、位置、原型、頻率四個標準對處于性質詞和狀態(tài)詞中間階段的詞語進行辨析,嚴格區(qū)分性質詞和狀態(tài)詞。同時用四個標準對《漢語水平詞匯與漢字等級大綱》與《普通話三千常用詞表》重疊部分的形容詞進行甄別,篩選出常用的279個性質詞進行釋義。 借鑒前人詞典的語義分類系統(tǒng),依據常見性、參考性和內省性相結合的原則,從語義角度對常用性質詞進行分類,分為事物性質詞、人物性質詞、事件性質詞三大類。其中,事物類性質詞包括視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺和觸覺五小類；人物類性質詞包括外貌、品德、處世三小類；事件類性質詞包括判斷、程度、內容三小類。 參考《現代漢語詞典》對性質詞的釋義,用釋義基元詞作為研究工具,對篩選出來的常用性質詞進行基元同場釋義,并用北大現代漢語語料庫(文學)的例子對釋義的合理性和正確性進行鑒定。同時,歸納性質詞同場釋義的模式,有分式和綜合式兩種釋義模式,改變傳統(tǒng)詞典釋義的慣用模式和特征。分式的釋義模式有：像+相比物質+一樣的+屬；形容+對象+基本特征+伴隨特征；對象+動作+感覺；對象+領有+特征；范圍+距離+大(小)。綜合的釋義模式是：對象+特征。從結構角度歸納的釋義模式有四類,并列式的釋義模式：形容詞+形容詞；主謂式的釋義模式：名詞(對象)+形容詞；述賓式的釋義模式：述語+名詞(賓語)；狀中式的釋義模式：程度副詞+形容詞。 利用計算機軟件對性質詞的基元釋義文本進行切分和詞頻統(tǒng)計,根據釋義基元出現頻率對基元詞的義位進行分化或詞位合并,得出533個釋義基元詞,編寫《現代漢語性質詞釋義基元集》,并對統(tǒng)計的數據和釋義基元進行分析研究,得出性質詞釋義常用的“跟……相對”與“形容……”兩種釋義方式。同時把《現代漢語性質詞釋義基元集》和《現代漢語詞典》釋義用語的結果進行對比分析研究,得出《基元集》釋義詞語在詞語使用數量、詞語的分布和常用性上優(yōu)于《現代漢語詞典》的釋義詞語。 對現代漢語性質詞運用“基元—同場—同�！边M行釋義,為漢語詞典的重新編纂提供釋義材料和模式,將有助于對外漢語教學及詞典編撰學的革新。
[Abstract]:Adjectives are an important part of modern Chinese parts of speech, representing the attributes or states of people and things. This study reviews the previous researches on adjective subcategory and introduces the adjective quad. On the basis of the research on the interpretation of primitives in foreign countries and the practice of interpretation in China, this paper uses limited vocabulary to interpret the basic elements of common nature words in modern Chinese. Redefine the nature word and the state word, and bring some words of the adorn word and the degree word into the category of the nature word. Four criteria of semantics, location, prototype and frequency are made to discriminate and analyze the words in the middle stage of the nature word and the state word, and to distinguish the nature word and the state word strictly. At the same time, the adjectives in the overlapping parts of "outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters" and "3000 Common words in Putonghua" are identified by using four standards, and 279 commonly used words of nature are selected for interpretation. According to the principle of combining commonness, reference and introspection, this paper classifies the commonly used words from the semantic point of view, which can be divided into three categories: the word of thing, the word of character and the word of nature of event. Among them, there are five subcategories: visual, auditory, olfactory, taste and tactile; characters include appearance, moral character and life; event words include judgment, degree and content. Referring to the interpretation of the nature words in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, this paper uses the interpretive primitive as the research tool, and interprets the common nature words in the same field. The rationality and correctness of the interpretation are identified with the examples of Peking University Modern Chinese Corpus (literature). At the same time, there are two kinds of interpretation modes of inductive words in the same field, fraction and synthesis, which change the idiomatic mode and characteristics of traditional lexicographic interpretation. The definition patterns of fraction are as follows: the genus as compared with substance; the accompanying feature of describing the basic characteristics of object; the feeling of action of object; the characteristic of object; and the large range (small). The comprehensive interpretation pattern is: object characteristics. From the perspective of structure, there are four kinds of interpretive models: adjective, subject-predicate: noun (object) adjective; The explanation pattern of the object: the noun (object); the pattern of Chinese character: the adjective of degree adverb. In this paper, we use the computer software to divide and analyze the text of the primitive meaning of the character word, according to the frequency of the meaning element, divide the meaning of the primitive word or merge the word position, and obtain 533 interpretive primitives. In this paper, the author has compiled the collection of interpretation primitives in modern Chinese, and analyzed and studied the statistical data and the interpretive primitives, and obtained the common "heirs" in the interpretation of nature words. Relative "and" description. There are two ways of interpretation. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the results of "Modern Chinese character word interpretation primitive set" and "Modern Chinese Dictionary", it is concluded that the "primitive set" is used in the number of words used. The distribution and common use of words are better than those in Modern Chinese Dictionary. The use of "primitive, same field and same model" in modern Chinese words can provide interpretation materials and models for the re-compilation of Chinese dictionaries, which will be helpful to the innovation of teaching Chinese as a foreign language and the compilation of dictionaries.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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