本文選題：現(xiàn)代漢語 + 語素��； 參考：《天津師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文重點探討現(xiàn)代漢語雙音節(jié)詞匯單位的詞根、詞綴問題。通過回顧前人的研究成果,分析各家對于詞根、詞綴不同的見解和觀點。在前人研究的基礎上進一步對詞綴進行總結歸納,描述現(xiàn)代漢語詞綴的性質(zhì)、來源和范圍,綜合多種標準和依據(jù)對現(xiàn)代漢語的詞綴進行分類、整理。 現(xiàn)代漢語的詞綴并不全像印歐語系的詞綴那樣意義完全空靈,相反,有不少所謂詞綴大都還有一定的詞匯意義。詞綴意義有的較實,有的較虛,歷史地看,這種由實而虛的變化是漸變的。漢語為數(shù)不多的典型的自源詞綴經(jīng)過漫漫歷史長河的洗禮和消磨,基本退掉了本身的詞匯意義,可以看作比較純粹的詞綴。另外還有很多經(jīng)翻譯手段由西方引入的非典型詞綴,它們較前者具有更旺盛的生命力,造詞能力強,泛化程度高；這些詞綴的詞匯意義沒有典型詞綴的虛化程度高,程度又各有不同,情況較為復雜,很具有分析價值。 本文主要以“性”、“化”為例,討論新興詞綴的特點、意義及語法功能,進而引出“弱詞根”的說法。根據(jù)詞匯意義的虛實和“性”、“化”語素的泛化程度將雙音節(jié)詞匯單位所包含的“性”、“化”分別劃分為詞根、弱詞根和詞綴,然后對“性”、“化”語素意義進行細致描述,分析雙音節(jié)“X性”、“X化”詞匯單位的使用特點及“X”與“性”、“化”語素結合的內(nèi)在條件和局限性。通過對性”、“化”語素的分析,可以認為現(xiàn)代漢語的某些語素由詞根向詞綴的發(fā)展路線是個連續(xù)統(tǒng)。如果說詞根和詞綴是系統(tǒng)的兩級,那么弱詞根就正走在由詞根向詞綴發(fā)展的半途。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the roots and affixes of disyllabic lexical units in modern Chinese. By reviewing the previous research results, this paper analyzes the different opinions and viewpoints about the roots and affixes. On the basis of previous studies, this paper summarizes and induces affixes, describes the nature, source and scope of affixes in modern Chinese, classifies and arranges affixes in modern Chinese according to various standards and bases. Affixes in modern Chinese are not as empty as affixes in Indo-European languages. On the contrary, quite a few affixes have lexical meanings. Some of the affix meanings are more real and some are more virtual. Historically, the change from reality to hypocrisy is gradual. After a long history of baptism and extinction, a few typical Chinese autogenic affixes have basically given up their own lexical meaning and can be regarded as relatively pure affixes. In addition, there are many non-typical affixes introduced from the West by translation means, which have stronger vitality, stronger word-making ability and higher generalization than the former, and the lexical meanings of these affixes are not as high as those of typical affixes. The degree is different, the situation is more complex, has the analysis value very much. This paper mainly discusses the characteristics, meaning and grammatical functions of new affixes by taking "sex" and "transformation" as examples, and then leads to the saying of "weak roots". According to the void and nature of the lexical meaning, the generalization degree of the morphemes of the lexical meaning divides the "sex" contained in the two-syllable lexical unit into the root, the weak root and the affix, and then the "sex". The meaning of morphemes is described in detail, and the characteristics of the use of dicyllabic "X" and "X" lexical units are analyzed, as well as the internal conditions and limitations of the combination of "X" and "sex" and "transformation". By analyzing the morphemes of "sex" and "transformation", we can conclude that the development of some morphemes from roots to affixes in modern Chinese is a continuum. If roots and affixes are two levels of the system, then weak roots are on the way from roots to affixes.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136

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