本文選題：身物互喻 + 漢英對比　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：概念只能借助語言形式得以表達,詞匯是概念最基本的表達形式。人類在認識外部世界的過程中,以自己的身體經(jīng)驗作為基礎(chǔ),不可避免的借用描述身體的詞匯來描述世界,于是語言中便產(chǎn)生大量與人體相關(guān)的詞匯�！耙陨碛魑铩痹~匯的生成正是人體詞匯投射到外在世界的結(jié)果。隨著人類認知水平和語言能力的不斷提高,接觸、了解和認識范圍的不斷擴大,掌握的概念也越來越多,人類逐步把對外部世界的認知類推到人類自身,用外界事物概念來命名和描述人體器官部位或指稱具有某種特點、屬性的人。于是語言系統(tǒng)中便產(chǎn)生很多以他物表人或人體特征的詞匯�！耙晕镉魃怼痹~匯的生成正是外在世界的萬事萬物映射到人體域的結(jié)果。 任何一種語言的特色都是在與別種語言的比較中顯現(xiàn)出來。對比分析的目的是了解兩種語言的共性特點和差異特點,為語言教學(xué)和跨文化交際服務(wù)。Halliday指出進行對比分析時應(yīng)遵循兩條基本原則,第一條是“先描寫再對比”。第二條是“比較具體語言結(jié)構(gòu),而不是整個語言系統(tǒng)”。(轉(zhuǎn)引自王立非：2000)沒有任何一種理論能包羅萬象,解釋一切,只能對語言的具體項目和結(jié)構(gòu)進行對比。本文從漢英語言系統(tǒng)中的詞匯層面入手,在綜合運用詞匯學(xué)、認知語言學(xué)、對比語言學(xué)等相關(guān)學(xué)科的理論和研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,主要采用文獻檢索與分類結(jié)合法、對比研究法、描寫與解釋結(jié)合法、定性和定量分析結(jié)合法,以漢、英詞匯系統(tǒng)中的“身物互喻”復(fù)合詞、成語和慣用語為對象開展對比研究。全文共分五章。 第一章為“緒論”。首先對本文涉及的“以身喻物”、“以物喻身”和“身物互喻”詞匯相關(guān)概念進行界定,接著對“以身喻物”和“以物喻身”兩方面的相關(guān)研究成果進行綜述,最后對本選題的緣由、預(yù)期目標、理論基礎(chǔ)、研究方法、語料來源進行了說明和交代。 第二章為“漢英‘身物互喻’復(fù)合詞對比研究”。本章首先對漢英復(fù)合詞進行了界定,明確二者在各自詞匯系統(tǒng)中的地位和作用。然后對“身物互喻”復(fù)合詞進行了界定。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對漢英詞匯系統(tǒng)里的“身物互喻”復(fù)合詞進行對比研究。先確定了五個人體器官部位(頭、眼、口、手、腳)為比較對象,從漢英詞典里進行了語料的收集,基于語料就漢英“以身喻物”復(fù)合詞的生成模式進行觀察和描寫。再就漢英“以物喻身”復(fù)合詞的生成情況,從動物、植物、服飾、其它物體為喻四個方面進行了觀察和描寫。在對“身物互喻”復(fù)合詞進行觀察描寫后,對其共性特點和個性差異進行歸納和分析,結(jié)合相關(guān)理論和具體數(shù)據(jù)對漢英“身物互喻”復(fù)合詞的異同給予相應(yīng)的解釋。最后根據(jù)以上研究分析的結(jié)果對本章做了一個提綱挈領(lǐng)的小結(jié)。 第三章為“漢英‘身物互喻’成語對比研究”。本章首先結(jié)合權(quán)威詞(辭)典和專家學(xué)者的觀點對漢英成語概念進行界定,指出漢英成語在范圍認定和表達形式上存在差異,并給出筆者自己的見解。在比較漢英成語定義基礎(chǔ)上對“身物互喻”成語概念進行界定。在明確漢英“身物互喻”成語概念后對其開展對比研究。從人體器官部位名稱中選擇“頭、臉、眼、手、心”為代表,分別就以這五個詞為喻生成的成語進行觀察和描寫,對比分析以它們?yōu)橛鞯某烧Z在漢語和英語中的具體表現(xiàn),揭示它們表現(xiàn)出的相同性和差異性,從認知方式和文化因素等方面給予解釋。關(guān)于漢英“以物喻身”成語的情況主要分析對比的是“以物喻人”情況。本章從四個方面就“以物喻人”成語的情況進行了分類描寫,第一類是“動物喻人”成語。選擇漢英語言中的“牛、馬、狗、鼠、魚、鳥”為代表,對漢英成語中動物喻人的成語形式進行對比分析,并就動物喻體在漢英語中使用的頻率和語體色彩的差異給予了描寫和解釋。第二類是“植物喻人”成語。通過對漢英“植物喻人”成語的對比發(fā)現(xiàn)因漢英民族地理環(huán)境、生活方式等方面的不同,英語中以植物為喻表人的成語大多以蔬菜和水果為主,漢語以花、木為喻體構(gòu)成表人的成語偏多。第三類是“服飾喻人”成語。因漢民族服飾制度的影響,漢語服飾分類細致,與人關(guān)系密切,生成的喻人成語在數(shù)量上和使用頻率上遠遠高于英語。漢語與英語在服飾喻人成語的生成方式上比較接近,但喻體類型上差異比較明顯,英語里基本上是以成衣的形式為喻,而漢語卻涉及到服飾的多個方面,這是由不同的政治制度、歷史文化等因素導(dǎo)致的。第四類是“其它物體喻人”的成語。主要以來自生產(chǎn)、生活相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的物體為喻構(gòu)成表人的成語。因地理環(huán)境、生活方式、宗教信仰等因素的影響,在具體喻體的選擇上表現(xiàn)出較大的差異。如以“食物喻體”為例,漢語中選擇的是酒、肉、飯等,而英語中選擇的是啤酒、奶酪、雞蛋等。本章以具體語料為例,對漢英“身物互喻”成語進行充分描寫,分析總結(jié)其共有規(guī)律和存在的差別,最后做出相應(yīng)的理論解釋。 第四章為“漢英‘身物互喻’慣用語對比研究”。本章先是對漢英慣用語做出界定,指出漢語慣用語在形式上多以三字格式出現(xiàn),并引用相關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)進行了論證。英語慣用語因形式上無明顯標記,建議將語體因素納入界定標準,對英語習(xí)語內(nèi)的語言形式進行再分類。接著是對漢英“身物互喻”慣用語這一概念和本章的對比研究范圍做出了界定。在此基礎(chǔ)上對漢英“身物互喻”慣用語進行對比研究。從人體面部器官、人體四肢和人體內(nèi)部器官三個角度入手,對漢英“以身喻物”慣用語進行了考察,通過分析對比,對漢英“以身喻物”慣用語構(gòu)建的異同及其背后的原因給予相應(yīng)的解釋。在漢英“以物喻身”慣用語對比研究方面,仍然從動物喻人、植物喻人和其它事物喻人三個角度進行了對比分析�？疾旆治隹芍�,慣用語喻體的選擇明顯受本族文化因素的制約,與漢英生產(chǎn)、生活方式聯(lián)系密切,這給第二外語教學(xué)中慣用語理解和掌握造成一定的困難。 第五章為“結(jié)語”。本章首先就本研究涉及的“身物互喻”詞匯的映射模式進行歸納。其表現(xiàn)為雙向互動的特征：一方面是從人體域映射于非人體域；另一方面是從非人體域映射于人體域。 接著就漢英“身物互喻”復(fù)合詞、成語和慣用語之間的對比情況進行總結(jié)。得出的基本結(jié)論是：在“以身喻物”的詞匯生成過程中,漢英語表現(xiàn)出同大于異的特點；在“以物喻身”的詞匯生成過程中,漢英語表現(xiàn)出異大于同的特點。隱喻思維和轉(zhuǎn)喻思維是人類普遍存在的基本認知方式,但是民族文化特點和語言類型同樣折射出漢英兩民族語言詞匯系統(tǒng)中語言和文化的不可分離性。“身物互喻”是人類與外在事物互動的產(chǎn)物,是漢英兩個民族在認識自身的基礎(chǔ)上,通過隱喻或轉(zhuǎn)喻機制,經(jīng)過各自語言文化的過濾,去認識世界和自身的結(jié)果,很自然地對世界萬物和人類自身給予不完全相同的分割和處理。 對比研究所得的相關(guān)結(jié)論在理論上對漢英“身物互喻”構(gòu)詞手段和生成方式體現(xiàn)出的共同特點和個性差異具有解釋作用,在詞匯習(xí)得、詞匯教學(xué)、漢英互譯實踐、跨文化交際等語言實踐方面具有指導(dǎo)作用,在漢英詞典的編纂研究上具有一定的借鑒作用,這體現(xiàn)了本研究的價值所在。
[Abstract]:Concepts can only be expressed in the form of language. Vocabulary is the most basic form of expression. In the process of understanding the external world, human beings are based on their own physical experience and inevitably describe the world by describing the words of the body. So the language produces a large amount of human Related words. "Body metaphor" vocabulary The formation of the human vocabulary is the result of the projection of human words into the external world. With the continuous improvement of human cognitive level and language ability, contact, understanding and understanding are expanding, and more and more concepts are grasped. Human beings are gradually introducing the cognition of the external world to the human body, naming and describing the human body with the concept of external things. In the language system, there are many words in the language system that are characterized by human or human characteristics. The formation of "metaphorical body" is the result of the mapping of all things in the external world to the human body.
The characteristics of any language are shown in the comparison with other languages. The purpose of the comparative analysis is to understand the common features and differences of the two languages. The two basic principles should be followed for the comparative analysis of the language teaching and intercultural communication service.Halliday. The first is the "first description and then contrast". The second article is "the first description and the contrast". It is "a more specific language structure, not the whole language system". (transferred from Wang Lifei: 2000) there is no one theory that can be used to explain everything. It can only be compared to the specific items and structures of the language. From the lexical level in the Chinese and English language system, this paper uses lexicology, cognitive linguistics, and contrastive language in a comprehensive way. On the basis of the theory and research achievements of related subjects, the paper mainly uses the method of literature retrieval and classification, comparative study, the combination of description and interpretation, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and compares the compound words, idioms and idioms in Chinese and English vocabulary systems. The full text is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. First, it defines the concept of "body metaphor", "body metaphor" and "self metaphor of body and body", and then summarizes the research results of two aspects of "body metaphor" and "body metaphor". Finally, the reasons for the topic, the expected goal, the theoretical basis, the research method, and the language are made. The source of the material was explained and explained.
The second chapter is "the contrastive study of the compound words of Chinese and English body and thing." this chapter first defines the Chinese and English compound words, and defines the status and role of the two in their respective lexical systems. Then, the compound words of "physical and physical intermetonymy" are defined. On this basis, the compound words of "physical and physical intermetonymy" in Chinese and English vocabulary system are compared. First, five parts of the body (head, eye, mouth, hand, foot) were selected as the comparison object. The corpus was collected from Chinese English dictionary. Based on the corpus, the model of the formation of the compound word of "body metaphor" was observed and described. By observing and describing the four aspects of metaphor, after the observation and description of the compound words of "physical and physical intermetonymy", the common characteristics and individual differences are summed up and analyzed, and the similarities and differences between Chinese and English "physical and physical intermetonymy" are interpreted according to the relevant theories and specific data. The chapter made a brief summary.
The third chapter is "the contrastive study of the idiom of Chinese and English body and thing". This chapter first defines the concept of Chinese and English idioms with the views of authoritative words and experts and scholars, and points out that there are differences in the definition and expression of Chinese English idioms in terms of scope and expression, and gives the author's own views. The concept of "mutual metaphor" is defined. A contrastive study is carried out after the definition of the idiom of "self Metaphorical" in Chinese and English. From the name of the body organ, the "head, face, eye, hand, heart" are selected as the representative, and the idioms are observed and described with these five words as metaphor, and the idioms in Chinese and English are compared and analyzed. It reveals the similarities and differences, and explains the similarities and differences between them. The main analysis and contrast about the idioms of Chinese and English on the "metaphorical body" is "metaphorical people". The first category is classified and described from four aspects, the first category. "Cattle, horses, dogs, mice, fish and birds" in Chinese and English language is selected as the representative to compare and analyze the idiom forms of animal metaphor in Chinese and English idioms, and give a description and explanation of the frequency of the use of animal metaphor in Chinese and the difference of style color. The second category is the idiom of "plant figurative man". The comparison of Chinese and English "plant figurative" idioms shows that most of the idioms in English are mainly vegetable and fruit, with flowers and wood as metaphors in English. The third category is the idiom of "ornament and metonymy". Chinese costumes are closely related to people, and they are closely related to people. They are far higher than English in terms of the number and frequency of their use. Chinese and English are much closer to the generation of idioms in clothing, but the types of metonymy are quite distinct. English is basically a metaphor in the form of clothing, while Chinese is involved in many costumes. On the other hand, this is caused by different political systems, historical culture, and other factors. The fourth category is the idiom of "other objects". It has since been produced mainly from the production, the objects in the related fields form the idiom of the table. The influence of the geographical environment, the way of life, the religious belief, and so on, shows the larger choice of the specific metonymy. For example, taking "food metaphor" as an example, the choice of Chinese in Chinese is wine, meat, rice and so on, while the English choice is beer, cheese, egg and so on. This chapter, taking specific corpus as an example, gives a full description of the idioms of "self metonymy" in Chinese and English, analyzes and summarizes the common laws and differences between them, and finally makes the corresponding theoretical explanation.
The fourth chapter is a comparative study of Chinese and English idioms. This chapter first defines Chinese and English idioms, and points out that Chinese idioms appear in the form of three words, and the relevant statistical data are cited. The language form in the idiom is reclassified. Then, the definition of the Chinese and English idiom is defined and the comparative study of this chapter is defined. On the basis of this, the Chinese and English idioms are compared. From the three angles of the human body, the body limbs and the internal organs of the human body, the Chinese and English are studied. Through the analysis and comparison, the similarities and differences between the Chinese and English idioms of "body metaphor" and the reasons behind them are explained. In the comparative study of Chinese and English idioms, the comparison and analysis of the three angles of animal metaphor, plant metaphor and other things are still carried out. The analysis shows that the choice of the idiomatic metaphor is obviously restricted by the cultural factors of the family, and is closely related to the production of Chinese and English and the way of life. This causes some difficulties in the understanding and mastery of the idioms in the teaching of second foreign languages.
The fifth chapter is "conclusion". This chapter first summarizes the mapping patterns of "self Metaphorical" vocabulary involved in this study. It shows the characteristics of two-way interaction: on the one hand, it is mapped from the human domain to the non human domain; on the other hand, it is mapped from the non human domain to the human domain.
The basic conclusion is that in the process of the word formation of "body metaphor", Chinese and English show the same characteristics that are larger than differences; in the process of word formation, Chinese and English show different characteristics. Metonymy and metonymy thinking are the basic cognitive ways of human being, but the characteristics of national culture and language types also reflect the non separability of language and culture in the Chinese and English language vocabulary system of the two ethnic groups. "Self metaphor" is the product of the interaction between human and external things. It is the basis of the understanding of the two nationalities of Chinese and English. Through the metaphorical or metonymy mechanism, through the filtration of their own language and culture, to understand the world and its own results, it is natural that the world and the human beings are not completely divided and processed.
The relevant conclusions of the comparative study have an explanatory effect on the common characteristics and personality differences embodied in the means of word formation and the way of formation of the Chinese English "physical and physical intermetonymy" in theory. It has a guiding role in vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary teaching, Chinese English translation practice, intercultural communication and other language practice, and has a great effect on the compilation of Chinese English dictionary. A certain reference function reflects the value of this research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136;H313

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