本文選題：者 + 《論語》　； 參考：《華中科技大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在古漢語中，“者”是十分重要也十分活躍的虛詞之一，它產(chǎn)生于西周晚期和春秋時代，在口語中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。其多變靈活的用法令學者眾說紛紜，首先在詞類歸屬方面，一直在代詞、助詞和語氣詞中糾纏不清，在功能上多被認為在“名+者”后表自指，在“謂+者”后表轉指。“者”的詞性和功能難以統(tǒng)一，本文從詞性和功能兩方面對“者”進行了討論，認為“者”是具有停頓功能的語氣詞。 在《論語》的219例“者”中，“名+者”有28例，“謂+者”有191例，“謂+者”又可從“形+者”、“謂+者”、“句子+者”三方面來分析，此外還討論了一些特殊的“者”字結構，如“有……者”、“所……者”，以及復合語氣詞“者也”、“也者”。通過對《論語》中所有“者”字分析，“者”字在句中出現(xiàn)的位置自由，既可是單一的詞后面，如“仁者”、“杖者”，也可是或長或短的短語后面，如“知德者鮮矣”、“屏氣似不息者”，，也有句子或分句，如“魯無君子者”、“不逆詐，不Q不信，抑亦先覺者，是賢乎”等等，足見其復雜性。不管“者”字結構出現(xiàn)在句中什么位置，在句中擔任什么角色，“者”都應視為單一的詞素，具有語氣詞的性質，在句中可對“者”前的成分強調，對“者”后的成分提示，也可補足音節(jié)，在句中的具體作用依句子結構或句意所定，但都可表停頓，一定程度舒緩節(jié)奏。在語義上表達或加深說話人的語氣和態(tài)度。
[Abstract]:In ancient Chinese, "person" is one of the most important and active function words, which originated in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period. The changeable and flexible use of it makes scholars have different opinions. First of all, they have been tangled in pronouns, auxiliaries and mood words in terms of part of speech attribution. In function, they are considered to refer to themselves after "name" and to "predicate" after "predicate". It is difficult to unify part of speech and function of "person". This paper discusses "person" in terms of part of speech and function, and holds that "person" is a modal word with pause function. Among the 219 cases of the Analects of Confucius, there are 28 cases of "famous", 191 cases of "predicate" and "predicate" can be analyzed from three aspects: "form", "predicate" and "sentence person". In addition, some special structures of "person", such as "yes", are also discussed. The As well as the compound modal words "also", "also", "also". Through the analysis of all the words "person" in the Analects of Confucius, it is found that the word "person" appears freely in the sentence, either after a single word, such as "benevolent person", "stick person", or after a long or short phrase, such as "one who knows virtue is rare", There are also sentences or clauses, such as "A man without a gentleman", "not treacherous, not believing in Q", and so on. This shows its complexity. No matter where the word "person" appears in the sentence and what role it plays in the sentence, the "person" should be regarded as a single morpheme with the nature of the mood word. Can also complement syllables, the specific role in the sentence depending on the sentence structure or the meaning of the sentence, but can both stop, to some extent ease the rhythm. Express or deepen the tone and attitude of the speaker semantically.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H141

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